Abstract. The increase of ontologies and data sets published in the Web in languages other than English raises some issues related to the representation of linguistic (multilingual) information in ontologies. Such linguistic descriptions can contribute to the establishment of links between ontologies and data sets described in multiple natural languages in the Linked Open Data cloud. For these reasons, several models have been proposed recently to enable richer linguistic descriptions in ontologies. Among them, we find lemon, an RDF ontology-lexicon model that defines specific modules for different types of linguistic descriptions. In this contribution we propose a new module to represent translation relations between lexicons in different natural languages associated to the same ontology or belonging to different ontologies. This module can enable the representation of different types of translation relations, as well as translation metadata such as provenance or the reliability score of translations.

of the problem of individuality. For most early Medieval and Scholastic philosophers working in the Aristotelian tradition, knowledge of any specific subject is knowledge of its causes and principles. Knowledge of individuals was no exception. As Jorge Gracia has written "To know individuality [for early

Memoria presentada por Jorge Cano Ortega Para optar al grado de Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas Dirigida por los Doctores:

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COSTALES, declaramos bajo juramento que el trabajo aquí descrito es de nuestra autoría; que no ha sido previamente presentada para ningún grado o calificación profesional; y, que hemos consultado las referencias bibliográficas que se incluyen en este documento. A través de la presente declaración cedemos nuestros derechos de propiedad intelectual correspondientes a este trabajo, a la Escuela Politécnica Nacional, según lo establecido por la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual, por su Reglamento y por

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Perú: La década de la barbarie. Pesimismo y acrimonia en los cuentos de Jorge Ninapayta

mantenerme siempre en el camino de su Gracia, además dedico este trabajo con

The historical treatment of Irish Catholics by the English and British governments has been the subject of much examination, but systematic research on the social, economic, and political impact of Irish refugees who sought asylum in Spain and Latin America at various times since the sixteenth century has only recently drawn the attention of scholars. The Irish experience in Spanish colonial Puerto Rico is no exception. Puerto Rican historiography acknowledges the presence of a handful of Irish planters in the late eighteenth century, but provides few clues about those who came before or after that time (Picó 1986: 142). Nor are the ‘push ’ factors that might help explain why they came to the island discussed at any length. This essay seeks to bridge this gap by linking the Irish diaspora to a long history of Anglo-Spanish rivalry both in Europe and the West Indies. In doing so, it also aims to show how changes in Spain’s colonial priorities impacted on Irish immigration in Puerto Rico. Three numerically small but significant Irish ‘waves ’ are identified and briefly examined in the context of Spain’s foreign immigration policy: indentured servants around the middle of the seventeenth century; illegal traders in the early 1700s; and Irish farmers, artisans and soldiers during the late Bourbon period, c. 1750-1815. Anglo-Spanish Rivalry in the Caribbean Inter-imperial competition between Spain and

I would like to thank all those who kindly assisted me with their time and energy during my research. Special thanks to Jorge Moreno and Paúl Madrid of the Ecuadorian House in King’s Cross, and to Roberto Cardenas for the great talks we shared. To all those in the Community School in Newham