global/local, interactive hypertext. All processes, interacting with each other, favoured the adoption of information networks as a most ef cient form of organization. Once introduced, and powered by information technology, information networks, through competition, gradually eliminate other

selection Formal equivalences have been shown between learning and evolution in several different scenarios, including: selection in asexual and sexual populations with Bayesian learning, the evolution of genotype-phenotype maps with correlation learning, evolving gene regulation networks with neural

I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Torsten Braun, head of the Computer Network and Distributed Systems group (RVS), for supervising this work and for his insightful advises. Prof. Dr. Torsten Braun encouraged and motivated me to publish my research results and he provided me the opportunity to present

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representations immune to context changes, whereas right hippocampal/rhinal activity was associated with a larger CSD, indicating less flexible representations sensitive to context change. Taken together, the results clarify the neural mechanisms of context effects on face recognition. Keywords encoding

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Abstract: Online learning initia-tives over the past decade have become increasingly comprehen-sive in their selection of courses and sophisticated in their presen-tation, culminating in the recent announcement of a number of consortium and startup activities that promise to make a university

are client-server based, which is feasible for relatively slow role-playing games. Those have modest bandwidth and latency requirements and are paid for by their customers. For MMOGs with higher realtime requirements and/or a smaller number of customers willing to pay, peer-to-peer networking seems to be a

I herewith certify that all material in this dissertation which is not my own work has been properly acknowledged.

Abstract | This review provides an introduction to Sup-