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Inductive logic and empirical psychology
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"... An inductive logic is a system for reasoning that derives conclusions which are plausible or credible, but are nonetheless not certain. Thus, inductive logic goes beyond the more familiar systems of deductive logic, in which the truth of the premises requires the truth of the conclusions. Thus, from ..."
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Cited by 2 (0 self)
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An inductive logic is a system for reasoning that derives conclusions which are plausible or credible, but are nonetheless not certain. Thus, inductive logic goes beyond the more familiar systems of deductive logic, in which the truth of the premises requires the truth of the conclusions. Thus
Rational explanation of the selection task
- Psychological Review
, 1996
"... M. Oaksford and N. Chater (O&C; 1994) presented the first quantitative model of P. C. Wason's ( 1966, 1968) selection task in.which performance is rational. J. St B T Evans and D. E. Over (1996) reply that O&C's account is normatively incorrect and cannot model K. N. Kirby's ( ..."
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Cited by 61 (7 self)
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's (1994b) or P. Pollard and J. St B T Evans's (1983) data. It is argued that an equivalent measure satisfies their normative concerns and that a modification of O&C's model accounts for their empirical concerns. D. Laming (1996) argues that O&C made unjustifiable psychological
Konrad Lorenz’s early epistemological writings
"... Gestalt experiments and inductive observations ..."
Amcncan Psychological A^™TI«M » Inc. Considering the Opposite: A Corrective Strategy for Social Judgment
"... It is proposed that several biases in social judgment result from a failure—first noted by Francis Bacon—to consider possibilities at odds with beliefs and perceptions of the moment. Individuals who are induced to consider the opposite. therefore, should display less bias in social judgment. In two ..."
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not adequately consider alternative possibilities, especially those directly at odds with their beliefs and perceptions of the moment, remains as viable today as it was in Cromwell's time. In fact, modern psychology has provided substantial empirical evidence to buttress the argument that our beliefs
REGULAR PAPER Mythical Thinking, Scientific Discourses and Research Dissemination
, 2011
"... # The Author(s) 2011. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract This article focuses on some principles for understanding. By taking Anna Mikulak’s article “Mismatches between ‘scientific ’ and ‘non-scientific ’ ways of knowing and their contributions to public understa ..."
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statements are based on inductive inferences, they are relying on humanities, which rhetoric is a part of. Yet induction also has an empirical component by being based on senseimpressions, which is not a part of the rhetoric, but the psychology. Also the myths are understood in a rhetorical (Lévi
developmental psychopathology
"... Psychoanalysis ushered in this century. Will its influence on developmental psychopathology end in the next? The paper explores some critical obstacles in the way of psychodynamic research, including the fragmentation of psychoanalytic theory, the relative independence of theory from its clinical an ..."
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and empirical base, the predominance of inductive scientific logic, the polymorphous use of terms, the privacy of clinical data, the dominance of the reconstructionist stance, and the isolation of psychoanalysis from psychology and neurobiology. Notwithstanding these limitations, core psychoanalytic precepts
The development of scientific reasoning skills
- Developmental Review
, 2000
"... The purpose of this article is to provide an introduction to the growing body of research on the development of scientific reasoning skills. The focus is on the reasoning and problem-solving strategies involved in experimentation and evidence evaluation. Research on strategy use in science has unde ..."
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Cited by 32 (1 self)
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that the results supported a model of natural inductive logic that develops through everyday problem-solving experience with multivariable situations. That is, individuals base their choice of strategy on empirical foundations (e.g., reproducing positive effects and eliminating negative effects), not logical ones
Title of Document: QUANTUM MECHANICS AND QUANTUM INFORMATION THEORY
"... The principle aim of this dissertation is to investigate the philosophical application of quantum information theory to interpretational issues regarding the theory of quantum mechanics. Recently, quantum information theory has emerged as a potential source for such an interpretation. The main quest ..."
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The principle aim of this dissertation is to investigate the philosophical application of quantum information theory to interpretational issues regarding the theory of quantum mechanics. Recently, quantum information theory has emerged as a potential source for such an interpretation. The main question with which this dissertation will be concerned is whether or not an information-theoretic interpretation can serve as a conceptually acceptable interpretation of quantum mechanics. It will be argued that some of the more obvious approaches – that quantum information theory shows us that ultimately the world is made of information, and quantum Bayesianism – fail as philosophical interpretations of quantum mechanics. However, the information-theoretic approach of Clifton, Bub, and Halvorson introduces Einstein’s distinction between principle theories and constructive theories, arguing that quantum mechanics is best understood as an information-theoretic principle theory. While I argue that this particular approach fails, it does offer a viable new philosophical role for information theory. Specifically, an investigation of interpretationally successful principle theories such as Newtonian mechanics, special relativity, and general
Perspective An Online Bioinformatics Curriculum
"... Abstract: Online learning initia-tives over the past decade have become increasingly comprehen-sive in their selection of courses and sophisticated in their presen-tation, culminating in the recent announcement of a number of consortium and startup activities that promise to make a university educat ..."
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Abstract: Online learning initia-tives over the past decade have become increasingly comprehen-sive in their selection of courses and sophisticated in their presen-tation, culminating in the recent announcement of a number of consortium and startup activities that promise to make a university education on the internet, free of charge, a real possibility. At this pivotal moment it is appropriate to explore the potential for obtaining comprehensive bioinformatics training with currently existing free video resources. This article pre-sents such a bioinformatics curric-ulum in the form of a virtual course catalog, together with editorial commentary, and an assessment of strengths, weaknesses, and likely future directions for open online learning in this field. Online Learning Comes of Age Online academic ‘‘courseware’ ’ at the university level has now been available to the public for a decade, the earliest concerted effort having originated in 2002 with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and their OpenCour-seWare initiative
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