"... In PAGE 7: ... Figure 5B displays the BOLD response activation maps for the IC present versus IC absent comparison as rendered on axial slices of the standard brain supplied by SPM99 software. The locations (Ta- lairach coordinates) and extent of these activation clusters as well as the results of the statistical tests are listed in Table2 . On the basis of the coordinates reported in previous studies of IC pro- cessing (Mendola et al.... In PAGE 7: ... As in experiment 1, source analyses were performed on the difference between the group-averaged (n H11005 5) VEP responses from the IC present minus IC absent conditions. We fixed the locations and orientations of three dipoles to the Talairach coor- dinates of the fMRI clusters listed in Table2 (Fig. 6A).... ..."

"... In PAGE 4: ... 2. Estimated visual task-related time courses and the corresponding activation maps of Infomax (a, b) and Info- max with feature-selective projection (c, d) The correlation between the experimental paradigm and the estimated visual task-related time course, rt^ t, is com- puted and listed in Table3 . Figure 2 shows the estimated time courses and the associated activation maps (Z-scored with Z gt; 2:5).... ..."

"... In PAGE 5: ... Table2 . Statistical analysis of m-rep representations (p values).... ..."

"... In PAGE 1: ... Finally, the last section discusses the generalizability of the HAROLD model in terms of cognition, the brain, and the elderly population. Evidence of Age-Related Asymmetry Reductions Table1 summarizes functional neuroimaging evidence consis- tent with the HAROLD model in the domains of episodic memory retrieval, episodic memory encoding/semantic memory retrieval, working memory, perception, and inhibitory control. Each of the first five subsections below reviews the findings in one of these domains.... In PAGE 3: ... In younger adults, left PFC activity was nearly twice as large as was right PFC activity. In older adults, left PFC activity was reduced but right PFC was not and, as a result, the asymmetry shown by younger adults was eliminated (see Table1 ). According to the authors, the age-associated reduction in left prefrontal activation eliminated the left hemisphere asymmetry evident in the younger participants, who exhibited twice as much activation in left relative to right prefrontal activation (p.... In PAGE 3: ...ith a semantic processing strategy (i.e., environmental support) increased their PFC activity in both hemispheres but did not increase their hemispheric asymmetry (see Table 1). As illustrated in Table1 , the results in the episodic encoding/ semantic retrieval domain support the generalizability of the HAROLD model in two ways. First, they demonstrate that age- related asymmetry reductions are not limited to the situation in which PFC activity is right lateralized in young adults with an age-related increase in left PFC activity; they may also occur when PFC activity is left lateralized in young adults with an age-related decrease in left PFC activity.... In PAGE 4: ... The fact that an age-related asymmetry reduction was found in middle-aged individuals suggests that the HAROLD pattern develops before old age. As shown in Table1 , age-related asymmetry reductions can be found when PFC activity is right lateralized in young adults, as in the case of episodic retrieval, as well as when PFC activity is left lateralized in young adults, as in the case of episodic encoding/ semantic retrieval. The results in the working memory domain indicate that this is also true when the task is constant and that it is the nature of the processed information that affects the lateral- ization of PFC.... In PAGE 4: ... An fMRI study that investigated this paradigm (Garavan, Ross, amp; Stein, 1999) associated response inhibition with a network of regions that are strongly lateralized to the right hemisphere, which includes PFC and parietal regions. Thus, in young adults, inhibitory control was associated with right PFC activity (see Table1 ). Nielson, Langenecker, amp; Garavan (2002) investigated the same paradigm in a group of older adults.... In PAGE 4: ... Nielson, Langenecker, amp; Garavan (2002) investigated the same paradigm in a group of older adults. In older adults, inhibitory control elicited significant activity not only in right PFC but also in left PFC (see Table1 ). As noted later, age-related increases in the left hemisphere were also found in the parietal cortex, suggesting that the HAROLD model may gener- alize beyond PFC.... In PAGE 5: ... Finally, in the case of perception and inhibitory control, the age-related asymmetry reduction primarily involved increases in left PFC. Thus, the HAROLD model is consistent with a variety of age-related changes in activity (see two rightmost columns in Table1 ). As the example in Figure 3 illustrates, this diversity may be a consequence of the use of brain images that display differ- ences in activations only if they exceed a certain significance threshold.... In PAGE 5: ...l., 1998; Nagahama et al., 1997; Rypma, Prabhakaran, Desmond, amp; Gabrieli, 2001) but are not listed as evidence for the HAROLD model because they did not explicitly report an age-related asym- metry reduction. Therefore, age-related asymmetry reductions are easier to detect in Outcomes D and E, and this explains why Table1 consists mainly of these two types of outcomes. However, age-related asymmetry reductions could be responsible for Out- comes A, B, and C in many studies but were simply not detected.... In PAGE 11: ... As the neural correlates of attentional resources, inhibitory control, and process- ing speed are differentiated, so will be the predictions that the resources, inhibition, and speed views of aging make about the HAROLD model. Generalizability of Age-Related Asymmetry Reductions Generalizability Within Cognition Although the evidence listed in Table1 indicates that age- related asymmetry reductions occur for a variety of different cognitive functions, there are several unresolved issues regarding the generalizability of the HAROLD model within cognition. For example, it is unclear if age-related asymmetry reductions occur only for higher order cognitive processes, such as the ones listed in Table 1, or whether they can also be found for simple sensory and motor processes.... In PAGE 11: ... Generalizability of Age-Related Asymmetry Reductions Generalizability Within Cognition Although the evidence listed in Table 1 indicates that age- related asymmetry reductions occur for a variety of different cognitive functions, there are several unresolved issues regarding the generalizability of the HAROLD model within cognition. For example, it is unclear if age-related asymmetry reductions occur only for higher order cognitive processes, such as the ones listed in Table1 , or whether they can also be found for simple sensory and motor processes. The answer to this question is informative with respect to psychogenic versus neurogenic accounts of the HAROLD model.... ..."

"... In PAGE 16: ... (2) and (3)) we calculated the raw fMRI activity (fMRIA) of the cerebellum, PMd, M1 and STS modules during observation and imitation tasks. Table1 shows the raw values for cerebellum and PMd for the two experiments. Data on synthetic grasping are predic- tive, and could be compared to future fMRI experiments.... ..."

"... In PAGE 2: ...05. The results of exploratory FCA in the in vivo data are summarized in Table1 . We have also tested the activation cluster centroid against TCs be- longing to a different cluster.... ..."