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This paper consists of a categorization of optical buffering strategies for optical packet switches, and a comparison of the performance of these strategies both with respect to packet loss/delay and bit error rate (BER) performance. Issues surrounding optical buffer implementation are discussed

.1 INTRODUCTION TO ERBIUM-DOPED FIBER AMPLIFIERS..........................................................................................7 1.2 BASIC EDFA CONFIGURATION.............................................................................................................................9 1.3 OPTICAL

The current fast-growing Internet traffic is demanding more and more network capacity everyday. The concept of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) has provided us an opportunity to multiply the network capacity. Current optical switching technologies allow us to rapidly deliver the enormous

This paper gives HRTF magnitude data in numerical form for 43 frequencies between 0.2---12 kHz, the average of 12 studies representing 100 different subjects. However, no phase data is included in the tables; group delay simulation would need to be included in order to account for ITD. In 3-D sound applications intended for many users, we want might want to use HRTFs that represent the common features of a number of individuals. But another approach might be to use the features of a person who has desirable HRTFs, based on some criteria. (One can sense a future 3-D sound system where the pinnae of various famous musicians are simulated.) A set of HRTFs from a good localizer (discussed in Chapter 2) could be used if the criterion were localization performance. If the localization ability of the person is relatively accurate or more accurate than average, it might be reasonable to use these HRTF measurements for other individuals. The Convolvotron 3-D audio system (Wenzel, Wightman, and Foster, 1988) has used such sets particularly because elevation accuracy is affected negatively when listening through a bad localizers ears (see Wenzel, et al., 1988). It is best when any single nonindividualized HRTF set is psychoacoustically validated using a 113 statistical sample of the intended user population, as shown in Chapter 2. Otherwise, the use of one HRTF set over another is a purely subjective judgment based on criteria other than localization performance. The technique used by Wightman and Kistler (1989a) exemplifies a laboratory-based HRTF measurement procedure where accuracy and replicability of results were deemed crucial. A comparison of their techniques with those described in Blauert (1983), Shaw (1974), Mehrgardt and Mellert (1977), Middlebrooks, Makous, and Gree...

-oriented models for Raman and erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). A procedure is proposed to extract the needed reservoir model parameters from the parameters of a detailed and accurate space-resolved SOA model due to Connelly, which was extended to cope with the time-resolved gain transient analysis. Several

This paper presents RingO, a WDM, ring-based, optical packet network suitable for a high-capacity Metro environment. We present three alternative architectural designs, and elaborate on the effectiveness of optical with respect to electronic technologies, trying to identify an optimal mix

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