-generated claims. Findings that friends' statements significantly altered perceptions of profile owners support this contention. It is less costly to alter or distort claims that one makes about oneself (e.g., one's own profile) than to modify or manipulate statements made by others (e.g., their pictures

Abstract — This paper studies the transmit strategy for a secondary link or the so-called cognitive radio (CR) link under opportunistic spectrum sharing with an existing primary radio (PR) link. It is assumed that the CR transmitter is equipped with multi-antennas, whereby transmit precoding and power control can be jointly deployed to balance between avoiding interference at the PR terminals and optimizing performance of the CR link. This operation is named as cognitive beamforming (CB). Unlike prior study on CB that assumes perfect knowledge of the channels over which the CR transmitter interferes with the PR terminals, this paper proposes a practical CB scheme utilizing a new idea of effective interference channel (EIC), which can be efficiently estimated at the CR transmitter from its observed PR signals. Somehow surprisingly, this paper shows that the learning-based CB scheme with the EIC improves the CR channel capacity against the conventional scheme even with the exact CRto-PR channel knowledge, when the PR link is equipped with multi-antennas but only communicates over a subspace of the total available spatial dimensions. Moreover, this paper presents algorithms for the CR to estimate the EIC over a finite learning time. Due to channel estimation errors, the proposed CB scheme causes leakage interference at the PR terminals, which leads to an interesting learning-throughput tradeoff phenomenon for the CR, pertinent to its time allocation between channel learning and data transmission. This paper derives the optimal channel learning time to maximize the effective throughput of the CR link, subject to the CR transmit power constraint and the interference power constraints for the PR terminals. Index Terms — Cognitive beamforming, cognitive radio, effective interference channel, learning-throughput tradeoff, multiantenna systems, spectrum sharing. I.

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expectedness ratings were requested, and the participants were not made overtly aware of the location of the probe notes, thereby emphasizing the implicit aspect of melodic processing. Data acquisition and preprocessing EEG signals were recorded from 28 Ag/AgCl electrodes according to the extended 10-20 system

algorithms for the inde¯nite generalized

not possible to completely eliminate the inadvertent processing of recombinant protein. The highlevel expression of recombinant membrane proteins also still represents a major challenge [57]. Only recently have attempts been made to endow bacteria with more complex post-translational processing functions

observed ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES among juvenile rats. Both sexes engage in this play but, when sex differences are found, males do more of it.28 If biased maternal stimulation mediates the sex difference in a straightforward way, males reared by dams who stimulate them less ought to play less

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for gain adaptation, thus supporting the idea that these two kinds of adaptation are computationally distinct [20] studies together. Perhaps the two-gain condition is analogous to the cyberglove: when the task space becomes complex and unfamiliar, generalization narrows to an upper, presumably neural

Beamforming is a classical method of processing temporal sensor array measure-ments for signal estimation, interference cancellation, source direction, and spectrum estimation. It has ubiquitously been applied in areas such as radar, sonar, wire-less communications, speech processing, and medical