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of these two components of working memory. We consider experiments that have used positron emission tomography (PET) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to image participants while they engage in cognitive tasks that are designed to reveal processes of interest, such as tasks that isolate short

individuals' responses to subjective well-being questions vary with their circumstances and other factors. We will argue that it is fruitful to distinguish among different conceptions of utility rather than presume to measure a single, unifying concept that motivates all human choices and registers all

that can conceptualize the different effects of rewards on behavior. The scientific investigation of behavioral processes by animal learning theory and economic utility theory has produced a theoretical framework that can help to elucidate the neural correlates for reward functions in learning, goal

individual voxels in fMRI. We for the first time depicted the voxel-wise hubs of incoming and outgoing information, called Granger causality density (GCD), as a complement to previous repertoire of functional and anatomical connectomes. Analogies with these networks have been presented in most part

of functional and structural neuroimaging data Unfortunately, despite their potential utility, cortical parcellations are not commonly used in the neuroimaging community due to the difficult and time-consuming nature of the task of manually parcellating the entire cortex from high-resolution MRI images. While

of detail than group-based studies. General fluid intelligence (gF) is a major dimension of individual differences and refers to reasoning and novel problem-solving ability 2 . A conceptual integration of evidence from cognitive (behavioral) and anatomical studies suggests that gF should covary with both

, no differences were found between the two types on external regulation. The means and standard deviations of the motivational subscales as a function of type of student appear in With respect to behavioral intentions, 4 results revealed a main effect for type of student, F(l, 4521) = 213.06, p < .0001

Abstract & Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess the cortical areas active during the observation of mouth actions performed by humans and by individuals belonging to other species (monkey and dog). Two types of actions were presented: biting and oral communicative actions

that characterizes developmental change in behavioral inhibition. The term behavioral inhibition is used to describe temperamental differences in infants' and young children's initial reactions to a range of novel stimuli including people, objects, contexts, and challenging situations Fox and Rubin have