"... In PAGE 9: ... How- ever, each vertex is given as the intersection of hyperplanes defined by the constraints with faces of A1BG. Figure 2 shows the general position of these intersection points, and Table1 presents them as a list. The third column of Table 1 states the conditions on the parameters for when the intersection point is an actual vertex of the polytope.... In PAGE 9: ... Figure 2 shows the general position of these intersection points, and Table 1 presents them as a list. The third column of Table1 states the conditions on the parameters for when the intersection point is an actual vertex of the polytope. Such conditions we will subsequently encounter in great numbers; they are formally introduced by the following definition.... In PAGE 10: ...(r)=0.4, I(s)=0.2 (0,0,1,0) (0,0,1,0) I(r)=0, I(s)=0 (0,0,1,0) Figure 1: Polytopes for different parameter values 3 5 2 4 8 6 7 1 Figure 2: General vertex positions problem statement for generating a complete parameterized vertex list can now be refined as follows: given input constraints BV, we have to find a list DACY BM APCY B4BD AK CY AK C5B5 (13) where each DACY is a parameterized vertex as in (7), and the APCY are lists of p-constraints, such that for every parameter instantiation C1 the set of vertices of A1B4C1B4BV B5B5 is just CUC1B4DACYB5 CY C1 satisfies APCYCV (where, naturally, C1 satisfies AP iff for every APCX AH D4CX AO BC BE AP: C1B4D4CXB5 AO BC). Table1 provides this list for the input constraints (9) and (10). To obtain a systematic method for generating such a list it is convenient to consider one by one the different faces of A1BEC3, in... In PAGE 12: ...icularly suitable method is fraction free Gaussian elimination (see e.g. [7]). This is a variant of Gaussian elimination that avoids divisions, which is useful for us, as otherwise we would have to divide by symbolic expressions that might be zero for some parameter values and nonzero for others, thereby requiring us to make a number of case distinctions. As an illustration for the working of the algorithm we retrace how vertex 8 in Table1 was generated. This vertex is the solution of the system (14)-(16) defined by CS BP BE, C0 BP CUBDBN BEBN BFCV and the (then mandatory) selection of both constraints CRBDBN CRBE for (16).... In PAGE 14: ... To illustrate the general method, we continue with our example, taking C8 B4BMBT CY BUB5 to be the target probability of the inference rule to be derived. The probability of BMBT given BU at the vertices listed in Table1 is evaluated by computing DABFBPB4DABDB7DABFB5, which leads to the values listed in Table 4. Note that the possible values of C8 B4BMBT CY BUB5 are still annotated with the parameter constraints on the vertices at which they are attained, and that for vertices 5 and 8 the new p-constraint D7 BO BD has been added.... In PAGE 21: ... Minimal irredundant sets of values for minimization and maximization of C8 B4BT CY BU CM BWB5 are indicated by the +-marks in the columns 8 and 9, respectively. The final bound functions we obtain now are C4B4D6BN D8BN D9BN DAB5 BP minCJD6BPDA BM AQ BN DA BQ BCCL (40) CDB4D6BN D8BN D9BN DAB5 BP maxCJBC BM D6 BP BCBN DA BP BDBN BD BM AQ BN D9 AK D6BN D6 BQ BCBN BD BM AQ BN D9 AK D8BN D8 AK DABN D8 BQ BCBN BD BM AQ BN D6 AK D9BN D9 AK D8BN D9 BQ BCBN BD BM AQ BN DA AK D8BN DA BQ BCBN D8BPD9 BM AQ BN D8 AK D9BN D9 BQ BCCLBM (41) where the p-constraints AQ suppressed in Table1 have been reinstated. Remembering the con- ventions min BN BP BDBN max BN BP BC, and taking into account that the conditions D6 AK D8BN D9 AK DA are taken for granted in (29), these functions can be seen to be the same as (30) and (31).... ..."

"... In PAGE 8: ...3 Evaluated estimation algorithms To evaluate the estimation algorithms described in section 2, different combinations were used on all of the traces. Table1... ..."

"... In PAGE 4: ... Lake Mendota has under- gone heavy eutrophication because of excessive inputs of phosphorus from commercial fertilizers and manure, a significant portion of which is carried into the lake by eroding soils (Wisconsin DNR, 1997). The input data used for this research are listed in Table1 . Geographic information system (GIS) layers of terrain, soils, and land-cover data were used to prepare SWAT input parameters.... ..."

"... In PAGE 20: ... One primary objective of the Demonstration was to determine the effectiveness of the technology in reducing VOC contamination in the vadose zone sufficiently to meet NY State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) Cleanup Criteria. As a remediation goal to evaluate this objective, the developers expected that 90% of the soil samples collected from the anticipated vadose zone in the plot after 6 months of operation would be below NYSDEC Cleanup Criteria for six target VOCs (acetone, MEK, MIBK, TCE, PCE and DCE), as shown later in Table4 -1. In addition, as a second primary objective, the developers asserted that biodegradation would be the dominant mechanism of contaminant removal from the formation.... In PAGE 40: ... The agreed-to goal then was that 90% of the VOC analyses of soil samples from the test plot after 5.5 months of remediation would meet the specified NYSDEC Soil Cleanup Criteria shown in Table4 -1 for the six critical VOCs. To evaluate this claim, it was planned to obtain soil cores of the expected vadose zone below the overburden (9 to 15 ft below ground surface, bgs) at 25 points non- uniformly distributed across the ELI/SBP plot at the end of the anticipated six months of treatment.... In PAGE 45: ... The detection limits for 4-methyl-2-pentanone (MIBK) and for all of the chlorinated ethenes were usually below the NYSDEC Cleanup Criteria and allowed the results to be used in assessing whether the sample met each of the NYSDEC Cleanup Criteria. Table4 -2 provides a summary of the results for the six critical contaminants relative to the Cleanup Criteria. Using the measurable values and PQL values that were less than the Criteria, the ELI/SBP technology achieved a 65% compliance with the NYSDEC Soil Cleanup Criteria after 5.... In PAGE 46: ... Table4 -2. ELI/SBP Achievement of New York State Cleanup Criteria Results after 5 Months Compound # Met Criteria # Usable Points (*) % Met Criteria Acetone 0110 MEK 0120 MIBK 21 23 91 DCE 14 32 44 TCE 27 31 87 PCE 29 31 94 Total 91 140 65 Results after 14 Months Acetone 0190 MEK 42516 MIBK 45 46 98 DCE 22 46 48 TCE 45 46 98 PCE 44 46 96 Total 160 229 70 Note: (*) Data for samples reported as non-detectable were not used in the evaluation if the detection limit was above the NYSDEC criterion.... In PAGE 46: ... Although sampling procedures may be biased when calculating total mass in soil, the use of the same procedure at the beginning and at the end of the demonstration should allow for comparable data when calculating overall percent removal efficiencies. A summary of the masses calculated at the various sampling times is given in Table4 -3. All calculated VOC masses were highest during the 3-month sampling event (Event 1) and then appeared to decrease over the remaining 11 months of the investigation.... In PAGE 47: ... Table4 -3. Masses of Contaminants (gm)* in Plot at Various Times Compound Time (months) 035.... In PAGE 47: ... instantaneous mass flows were then plotted using ELI/SBP apos;s records for air flow through the system over the course of the demonstration (taking into consideration inoperative time due to power failures, maintenance shutdowns, etc.) to estimate the total mass of each VOC removed in the air stream over the course of the demonstration ( Table4 -4) using a bar graph approach. In addition to the critical VOCs and toluene, the air samples (and groundwater samples but not the soil samples) also did contain significant concentrations of vinyl chloride, suggestive of anaerobic biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes.... In PAGE 47: ... When the biofilters were redesigned and installed before the April 1995 sampling event to minimize back-pressure, air flow data confirmed that improved passage of air was occurring, with air flows of ~95 dry standard cubic feet/minute (dscfm) now being achieved through each of the two parallel biofilters. Comparison of VOC concentrations before and after the parallel biofilters now indicated removals in the range of 50% to 80%, as shown in Table4 -5. It is not possible to state whether the observed removals were due to adsorption, biodegradation, other mechanisms, or a combination.... In PAGE 55: ... Table4 -4. Mass of VOCs Removed in Air Stream by ELI/SBP Technology* Type of Analysis Compound Mass (g) Removed Over 14 Months Critical Acetone 120 MEK 58 MIBK 69 cis-DCE 2,200 TCE 510 PCE 120 Non-Critical Toluene 1,900 Vinyl Chloride 260 * Elapsed operating days: 425; blower operation: 24 hours/day.... In PAGE 55: ... Mass of VOCs Removed in Air Stream by ELI/SBP Technology* Type of Analysis Compound Mass (g) Removed Over 14 Months Critical Acetone 120 MEK 58 MIBK 69 cis-DCE 2,200 TCE 510 PCE 120 Non-Critical Toluene 1,900 Vinyl Chloride 260 * Elapsed operating days: 425; blower operation: 24 hours/day. Table4 -5. Removal of Critical VOCs from Air Stream by Ex Situ Biofilters 5/95 Inlet Biofilter A Outlet Biofilter B Outlet Compound Mass Flow (mg/min) Mass flow (mg/min) % Removal Mass flow (mg/min) % Removal Acetone .... In PAGE 56: ... Table4 -6. Removals after 14 Months Using PQL for ND Compound Mass in Soil (gm) Overall Percent Removal Mass(gm) Removed in Air and Water Contribution (%) to Removal Attributable to Bioremediation Removal by Bioremediation (%) Initial Final Acetone 3,700 960 74 120 96 71 MEK 6,300 2,100 67 58 99 66 MIBK 2,200 440 80 69 96 77 DCE 1,900 1,200 37 2,200 ____ ____ TCE 1,500 3,200 -- 510 ____ ____ PCE 380 350 8 120 ____ ____ Toluene 58,000 7,400 87 1,900 96 84 Using quot;0 quot; for ND Compound Mass in Soil (gm) Overall Percent Removal Mass (gm) Removed in Air and Water Contribution (%) to Removal Attributable to Bioremediation Removal by Bioremediation (%) Initial Final Acetone 2,000 610 70 120 92 64 MEK 4,500 1,600 64 58 98 63 MIBK 280 130 54 69 54 29 DCE 1,800 1,200 33 2,200 ____ ____ TCE 1,500 3,100 -- 510 ____ ____ PCE 350 320 9 120 ____ ____ Toluene 58,000 7,400 87 1,900 96 84 % Removalv = 100 x (Massv,i - Massv,f)/Massv,i.... In PAGE 56: ... Removals after 14 Months Using PQL for ND Compound Mass in Soil (gm) Overall Percent Removal Mass(gm) Removed in Air and Water Contribution (%) to Removal Attributable to Bioremediation Removal by Bioremediation (%) Initial Final Acetone 3,700 960 74 120 96 71 MEK 6,300 2,100 67 58 99 66 MIBK 2,200 440 80 69 96 77 DCE 1,900 1,200 37 2,200 ____ ____ TCE 1,500 3,200 -- 510 ____ ____ PCE 380 350 8 120 ____ ____ Toluene 58,000 7,400 87 1,900 96 84 Using quot;0 quot; for ND Compound Mass in Soil (gm) Overall Percent Removal Mass (gm) Removed in Air and Water Contribution (%) to Removal Attributable to Bioremediation Removal by Bioremediation (%) Initial Final Acetone 2,000 610 70 120 92 64 MEK 4,500 1,600 64 58 98 63 MIBK 280 130 54 69 54 29 DCE 1,800 1,200 33 2,200 ____ ____ TCE 1,500 3,100 -- 510 ____ ____ PCE 350 320 9 120 ____ ____ Toluene 58,000 7,400 87 1,900 96 84 % Removalv = 100 x (Massv,i - Massv,f)/Massv,i. These results are summarized in Table4 -6 and are presented for the two scenarios described earlier, with ND = PQL and with ND = 0, to provide the range of high and low masses that might be present in the formation. Because only a very shallow vadose zone was found to be present, the weighted masses for vadose and saturated zones between 9 and 15 ft bgs have been combined.... In PAGE 57: ... After only 5.5 months, at the originally planned completion of the project, residual masses of acetone, MEK, and cis-1,2-DCE indicated removal, while the calculated masses of the critical VOCs found in the soil were higher than the original masses for the remaining three of the six critical VOC contaminants: MIBK, TCE and PCE (see Table4 -3). As noted earlier, this could be the result of the nonrepresentative sampling approach or inexperience during the first sampling and analysis effort that allowed VOCs to escape at some point during the procedure.... In PAGE 58: ... This is somewhat surprising when one considers the high concentration of other VOCs present in the soil. TCE- degrader counts also were low, and appeared to decrease over the course of the demonstration ( Table4 -7). Total heterotrophs and TCE-degraders in groundwater from the monitoring wells both decreased over the course of the project and, consequently, also do not provide evidence for biodegradation.... In PAGE 58: ... ELI/SBP planned to carry out a supplemental study to determine the portion of the removal that can be attributed to adsorption and that portion that might be assumed to be the result of biodegradation on the biofilter; however, the results of that study are not available. The results for the estimated percent removals for each VOC over time are shown in Table4 -8; actual VOC concentrations decreased from several hundred ppb initially to 100 ppb or less by Event 4 (14 months) when removals could no longer be calculated for the critical VOCs. 4.... In PAGE 59: ... Table4 -8. Percent Removals for the In Situ Biofilter Based on VOC Concentrations Event: Initial quot;1 quot; quot;2 quot; quot;3 quot; quot;4 quot; Compound 0 Months 3 Months 5.... In PAGE 59: ... Percent Removals for the In Situ Biofilter Based on VOC Concentrations Event: Initial quot;1 quot; quot;2 quot; quot;3 quot; quot;4 quot; Compound 0 Months 3 Months 5.5 Months 10 Months 14 Months Acetone 16 -- -- -- ND MEK --- - MIBK -- -- -- -- ND cis-DCE 38 0 14 92 ND T 3341339 P -------- Toluene 33 71 45 97 0 VC 13 -- -- -- ND ND = reflects influent and effluent values below PQL Table4 -7. Average Microbial Counts in ELI/SBP Demonstration Soil and Groundwater Soil Initial cfu/gm 6 Month cfu/gm 14 Month cfu/gm Total Heterotrophs 580,000 1,300,000 3,900,000 TCE-Degraders 160,000 100,000 11,000 Groundwater cfu/ml Total Heterotrophs 2,700,000 470,000 550,000 TCE-Degraders 56,000 13,000 1,000 cfu = colony forming units 4.... In PAGE 59: ... For example, the water-soluble ketones might be expected to concentrate in the saturated zone where biodegradation is apt to occur while the less water soluble chlorinated ethenes might be expected to concentrate in the vadose zone where soil vapor extraction and stripping would be expected to play a larger role. When the masses for each VOC in the soil samples for each sampling event were assigned to vadose or saturated zones on the basis of the visual designation, it appears, as shown in Table4 -9, that the initial removal or loss occurs preferentially in the vadose zone while the longer term (14 month) removal appears to be more uniform in the two zones. Clearly other factors, such as the high-biased sampling noted earlier and the inclusion of PQL values for quot;ND quot; results, the temperature, the remaining concentration of each VOC in each zone, the water table, the modifications to the system, etc.... In PAGE 60: ... Table4 -9. Vadose/Saturated Zones Approximate % Removals % Removal Event 1 Event 2 Event 3 Event 4 VOC tot.... ..."

"... In PAGE 5: ... Solu- bility is used as a surrogate characteristic because applied to soils directly and also in conjunction with biosolids or animal manures. The ratios of rates of de- other factors are difficult to measure or define; polymers designed to resist decomposition, such as composition between pure chemical and chemical in a waste matrix are compared in Table5 . Rates of decom- nylon, polyethylene, and other plastic materials; and some quaternary carbon structures (Alexander, position of pure chemicals were greater than rates of decomposition of the same chemical in a waste matrix 1994) and some ether linkages (Alexander, 1973).... ..."

"... In PAGE 6: ... We counted the num- ber of remaining nodes that started before December 5, 2003 and permanently failed before July 1, 2004. The expected node lifetime of a PlanetLab node is 951 days ( Table3 (b)). Fig- ure 3(a) shows the node attrition.... In PAGE 6: ... As a result, all-pairs ping was used to produce an estimated upper bound on node lifetimes. In addition, we computed an estimated lower bound on the availability of data on a node by supplementing the trace with a disk failure distribution ob- tained from [24] ( Table3 (b)). In our experiments, the expected lifetime of a node lies between the upper and lower bound.... In PAGE 11: ... That is, the the minimum data availability thresh- old th fluctuates dynamically as the node availability fluctu- ates. Table3 summarizes the parameterization of the above exist- ing storage systems. 8 Evaluation In this section, we present a detailed performance analysis via a trace driven simulation of maintaining data on PlanetLab.... In PAGE 11: ... The comparison was conducted as follows. First, we param- eterized each storage system with the configurations described in literature, as shown in Table3 . Second, we ran each config- uration through the trace-driven simulation of PlanetLab and measured their associated costs.... ..."

"... In PAGE 6: ... We counted the num- ber of remaining nodes that started before December 5, 2003 and permanently failed before July 1, 2004. The expected node lifetime of a PlanetLab node is 951 days ( Table3 (b)). Fig- ure 3(a) shows the node attrition.... In PAGE 6: ... As a result, all-pairs ping was used to produce an estimated upper bound on node lifetimes. In addition, we computed an estimated lower bound on the availability of data on a node by supplementing the trace with a disk failure distribution ob- tained from [24] ( Table3 (b)). In our experiments, the expected lifetime of a node lies between the upper and lower bound.... In PAGE 11: ... That is, the the minimum data availability thresh- old th fluctuates dynamically as the node availability fluctu- ates. Table3 summarizes the parameterization of the above exist- ing storage systems. 8 Evaluation In this section, we present a detailed performance analysis via a trace driven simulation of maintaining data on PlanetLab.... In PAGE 11: ... The comparison was conducted as follows. First, we param- eterized each storage system with the configurations described in literature, as shown in Table3 . Second, we ran each config- uration through the trace-driven simulation of PlanetLab and measured their associated costs.... ..."

"... In PAGE 12: ....2. Model parameterization In a first step of the model application, the input parameters for IN3M were solely derived from different sources described thereafter. The van Genuchten parameters (qs, qr, a, n) were derived from soil texture, bulk density (see also Table2 ) and the water content measurements at 330 kPa using pedotransfer functions (PTFs). These PTFs were based on a large data set to which Schaap et al.... ..."