to produce usable video, and furthermore, the correctly received streams provide bidirectional (previous and future) information that enables improved state recovery for the corrupted stream. This video coder is a form of multiple description coding (MDC), and its novelty lies in its use of information from

Streaming audio and video applications are becoming increasingly popular on the Internet, and the lack of effective congestion control in such applications is now a cause for significant concern. The problem is one of adapting the compression without requiring video-servers to re-encode the data

videos over this period of time. In the paper we examine usage patterns, file properties, popularity and referencing characteristics, and transfer behaviors of YouTube, and compare them to traditional Web and media streaming workload characteristics. We conclude the paper with a discussion

model. Through this framework, we identify the root causes of several undesirable interactions that arise as a consequence of overlaying the video bitrate adaptation over HTTP. Building on these insights, we develop a suite of techniques that can systematically guide the tradeoffs between stability

Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems, which provide a variety of popular services, such as file sharing, video streaming and voice-over-IP, contribute a significant portion of today’s Internet traffic. By building overlay networks that are oblivious to the underlying Internet topology and routing

Network flow buffering is the use of a simple remote flowregulating buffer that is dynamically deployed between a Web client and server to improve the performance of HTTP-based access and playback of video. We show that HTTP enhanced with network flow buffering performs well, especially under high

channel models and OPNET Modeler. To further validate the viability and performance advantages of these schemes, we implemented an ad hoc multiple path video streaming testbed using notebook computers and IEEE 802.11b cards. The results show that great improvement in video quality can be achieved over

method that chooses a set of paths maximizing the overall quality at the client. Overlay infrastructure is then used to achieve multi-path routing over these selected paths. The simulation results show that the average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) improves by up to 8.1 dB, if the same source video

, ranging from small- to large-vocabulary recognition tasks, recorded at both visually controlled and challenging environments. Our experiments demonstrate that the visual modality improves automatic speech recognition over all conditions and data considered, however less so for visually challenging

) as the unifying metric. Our experiments, applied to scenarios where users simultaneously run three types of applications, such as realtime voice, video conferencing and file download, confirm that MOS-based optimization leads to significant improvement in terms of user perceived quality when compared