Copyright © 2015 Chung-Hsi Hsing et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Excessive production of cytokines

Abstract A beagle dog, aged 10 years old, was presented with anal relaxation. Chronic arthrosis of hip joints had been diagnosed and treated on this dog's first visit to the National Chung Hsing University Veterinary Medicine Teaching hospital. Except for unwillingness to walk on both hind

Mobile users share the same expectations as wired users: they want to communicate with other people, they ex-pect the communication to be secure, and it should all be easy. However, mobility poses many challenges for security. Communication is often ad hoc, and the infras-tructure may be untrusted. Secure communication relies on the distribution of au-thentic information among the communicating parties’ devices. This is a challenging problem because devices generally do not share pre-existing secrets. Current secu-rity protocols for distributing initial authentic informa-tion fail to consider the human element. Many protocols do not scale beyond a pair of devices, although people often need to communicate with a group. The few exist-ing group protocols assume that users will always count the number of members and verify the list of members correctly. However, as group size increases, implemen-tations of these protocols become more prone to human error. We present GAnGS, a fully-implemented system for exchanging authentic information between mobile de-vices when they are physically present in the same lo-cation. GAnGS is scalable, appropriate for two or more devices. We implement two user-friendly variants of GAnGS on Nokia N70 camera phones. The first vari-ant, GAnGS-P, is based on an untrusted communication hub. The second variant, GAnGS-T, needs no infrastruc-ture. Both variants use Bluetooth for peer-to-peer wire-less communication during the information exchange. 1

Establishing secure communication among a group of physically collocated people is a challenge. This problem can be reduced to establishing authentic public keys among all the participants – these public keys then serve to establish a shared secret symmetric key for encryption and authentication of messages. Unfortunately, in most real-world settings, public key infrastructures (PKI) are uncommon and distributing a secret in a public space is difficult. Thus, it is a challenge to exchange authentic public keys in a scalable, secure, and easy to use fashion. In this paper, we propose GAnGS, a protocol for the secure exchange of authenticated information among a group of people. In contrast to prior work, GAnGS resists Groupin-the-Middle and Sybil attacks by malicious insiders, as well as infiltration attacks by malicious bystanders. GAnGS is designed to be robust to user errors, such as miscounting the number of participants or incorrectly comparing checksums. We have implemented and evaluated GAnGS on Nokia N70 phones. The GAnGS system is viable and achieves a good balance between scalability, security, and ease of use.