orientation-driven shape optimization approach is presented in this paper to show how a given model can be deformed so that the usage of the support structure is significantly reduced in AM with a single material. Layered fabrication based on the FDM method (middle left) and on the SLA method (middle right) can both benefit from this work to improve the efficiency of the manufacturing and the quality of the finished models. In layer-based additive manufacturing (AM), supporting structures need to be inserted to support the overhanging regions. The adding of supporting structures slows down the speed of fabrication and introduces artifacts onto the finished surface. We present an orientation-driven shape optimizer to slim down the supporting structures used in single material-based AM. The optimizer can be employed as a tool to help designers to optimize the original model to achieve a more self-supported shape, which can be used as a reference for their further design. The model to be optimized is first enclosed in a volumetric mesh, which is employed as the domain of computation. The optimizer is driven by the operations of reorientation taken on tetrahedra with ‘facing-down ’ surface facets. We formulate the demand on minimizing shape variation as global rigidity energy. The local optimization problem for determining a minimal rotation is analyzed on the Gauss sphere, which leads to a closed-form solution. Moreover, we also extend our approach to create the functions of controlling the deformation and searching for optimal printing directions.

regulation Abstract. There are a lot of ways to achieve large current pulse power supply, and the more common way is to adopt the inverter switching circuit to achieve pulse power supply. The core of the NC power supply design of large current and wide frequency pulse in SEAM is using two-stage modulation. Combined with inverter technology, DC chopper technology and NC technology, it not only can achieve the adjustability of the output pulse amplitude, but also can realize continuous adjustment of the output pulses and the duty cycle. The front stage of power supply uses DC/DC transformation circuit with the UC3879 integrated control chip as the core. With the microcontroller as the control core, the backward stage uses DC chopper circuit to achieve the NC power supply of multi-parameter adjustable output large current pulse.

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Abstract. Glioma-initiating cells are a small population of cells that have the ability to undergo self-renewal and initiate tumorigenesis. In the present study, the potential role of sali-nomycin, a polyether antibiotic, on the suppression of glioma cell growth was investigated. GL261 glioma cells were maintained in a stem-cell-like status [GL261 neurospheres (GL261-NS)] or induced for differentiation [GL261 adherent cells (GL261-AC)]. It was demonstrated that salinomycin significantly reduced the cell viability of GL261-NS and GL261-AC cells in a dose-dependent manner, with a more substantial inhibition of GL261-NS proliferation (P<0.05). The inhibitory effect of salinomycin on cell growth was more effective than that of 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimid l)-m ethyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride and vincristine (P<0.05). Salinomycin depleted GL261-NS from tumorspheres and induced cell apoptosis. In addition, salino-mycin prolonged the median survival time of glioma-bearing mice (P<0.05). Therefore, the present study indicated that salinomycin may preferentially inhibit glioma-initiated cell growth by inducing apoptosis, suggesting that salinomycin may provide a valuable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of malignant glioma.

In this study, we prepare thick nacre-like polymer clay nanocomposite films by a simple solution casting method. Nanoclay sheets with soft polymer coatings are used as ideal building blocks with intrinsic hard/soft character. The water-soluble poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was chosen as an organic binder to connect each smectic clay sheet in the form of a nacre-like microstructure. The polymer-clay composite is in the form of a membrane in which the clay sheets are like stacked bricks. In addition, when applying normal stress larger than the yield stress—about 40 MPa—white shear bands develop at strains larger than 10%, much like the conditions where crazing of organic PVA is suppressed by inorganic fillers of clay sheets. Their corresponding microstructure and mechanical properties are studied using wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques and a tensile testing machine and are discussed in detail.

In order to explore the possibilities and effectiveness of art education in local museum context, three Asian cities (Taipei, Singapore, and Shanghai) were selected and major public art museums there had been visited from 1999 to 2003. For the educational role of those public art museums in these three Asian cities, it is obvious that art education is agreed to be one of the main duties of public art museums. By applying appropriate education methodologies and taking into consideration local situations, public art museums such as the Taipei Fine Arts Museum and the Singapore Art Museum were successful in organizing various art education activities for different types of visitors. Compared to the Hong Kong Museum of Art and the Shanghai Art Museum, in which art education activities tended to be exhibition-related programs, museum activities in the Taipei Fine Arts Museum and the Singapore Art Museum were more related to school curriculum and comprehensive in nature. Indeed, how to provide a continuation of school art education

ii The Dissertation Committee for Ai-lian Liu certifies this is the approved version of the following dissertation:

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