Web services, with an emphasis on open standards and flexibility, may provide benefits over existing capital markets integration practices. However, web services must first meet certain technical requirements including performance, security and fault--tolerance. This paper presents an experimental evaluation of SOAP performance using realistic business application message content. To get some indication of whether SOAP is appropriate for high performance capital markets systems, the results are compared with a widely used existing protocol. The study finds that, although SOAP performs relatively poorly, the difference is less than in scientific computing environments. Furthermore, we find that in realistic business applications it is possible for text--based wire formats to have comparable performance to binary, and that the text--based nature of XML is not sufficient to explain SOAP's inefficiency. This suggests that further work may enable SOAP to become a viable wire format for high performance business applications.

A low-level API for stackful context switching

Web services, with an emphasis on open standards and flexibility, may provide benefits over existing capital markets integration practices. However, web services must first meet certain technical requirements including performance, security and fault–tolerance. This paper presents an experimental evaluation of SOAP performance using realistic business application message content. To get some indication of whether SOAP is appropriate for high performance capital markets systems, the results are compared with a widely used existing protocol. The study finds that, although SOAP performs relatively poorly, the difference is less than in scientific computing environments. Furthermore, we find that in realistic business applications it is possible for text–based wire formats to have comparable performance to binary, and that the text–based nature of XML is not sufficient to explain SOAP’s inefficiency. This suggests that further work may enable SOAP to become a viable wire format for high performance business applications.

changes in capital markets. To compete effectively, market participants need to form alliances and provide integrated services. In this context, web services are an emerging integration technology, and with an emphasis on open standards and greater flexibility, may provide benefits over existing integration practices. However, web services must meet certain technical requirements for performance, security and fault–tolerance. This paper outlines current research on the performance of web services, and identifies the issues that potentially limit efficiency. Web services are also compared with a widely used capital markets integration technology. 1

Number U3RHS05957-01-00 from the United

min E c ∫ (u)−(f, u)Ω: = W (∇u) dx − f · u dx

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ABSTRACT: Owing to recent developments in computational algorithms and architectures, it is now computationally tractable to explore biologically relevant, equilibrium dynamics of realistically sized functional proteins using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular dynamics simulations coupled with Markov state models is a nascent but rapidly growing technology that is enabling robust exploration of equilibrium dynamics. The objective of this work is to explore the challenges of coupling molecular dynamics simulations and Markov state models in the study of functional proteins. Using recent studies as a framework, we explore progress in sampling, model building, model selection, and coarse-grained analysis of models. Our goal is to highlight some of the current challenges in applying Markov state models to realistically sized proteins and spur discussion on advances in the field. Proteins dynamically explore their free energy landscape, giving rise to their form and function. Environmental changes can

Number 781