El Salvador, Guatemala is a, study in black and white. On the left is a collection of extreme Marxist-Leninist groups led by what one diplomat calls “a pretty faceless bunch of people.’ ’ On the right is an entrenched elite that has dominated Central America’s most populous country since a CIA-backed coup deposed the reformist government of Col. Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán in 1954. Moderates of the political center. embattled but alive in E1 Salvador, have virtually disappeared in Guatemala-joining more than 30.000 victims of terror over the last tifteen vears. “The situation in Guatemala is much more serious than in EI Salvador, ” declares one Latin American diplomat. “The oligarchy is that much more reactionary. and the choices are far fewer. “ ‘Zero’: The Guatemalan oligarchs hated Jimmy Carter for cutting off U.S. military aid in 1977 to protest human-rights abuses-and the right-wingers hired marimba bands and set off firecrackers on the night Ronald Reagan was elected. They considered Reagan an ideological kinsman and believed they had a special

Abstract. Geophysical applications of radar inter-ferometry to measure changes in the Earth’s surface have exploded in the early 1990s. This new geodetic technique calculates the interference pattern caused by the difference in phase between two images acquired by a spaceborne synthetic aperture

Synthetic aperture radar interferometry is an imaging technique for measuring the topography of a surface, its changes over time, and other changes in the detailed characteristics of the surface. By exploiting the phase of the coherent radar signal, interferometry has transformed radar remote sensing from a largely interpretive science to a quantitative tool, with applications in cartography, geodesy, land cover characterization, and natural hazards. This paper reviews the techniques of interferometry, systems and limitations, and applications in a rapidly growing area of science and engineering.

imagery are Digital Elevation Models (DEM). Based on SAR data various techniques can be applied for such purpose, for example, Radargrammetry (i.e., SAR Stereo) and SAR Interferometry (InSAR). In the framework of the ISPRS Working Group VII/2 “SAR Interferometry ” a long term scientific project

as with scientific studies In this paper, the available optical and SAR spaceborne systems are presented, focusing on

plane. Using well-distributed GCPs and, additionally, Tie Points (TPs), the external orientation and self-calibration parameters, together with the TPs ground coordinates, are estimated in a least-square adjustment. In order to demonstrate the flexibility of the model, stereo images from pushbroom

to a metric or better cartographic accuracy limit depending on the sensor type, math model robustness, ground control point quality and error dispersion control troughout the block adjustment of large image sets. Such operations allow to produce maps from high and very high resolutions sensors

. Two different information sources are processed, namely: 1) airborne photography and 2) spaceborne C-band SAR interferometry. The difficulties and limitations of their processing in the context of Alpine glaciers are discussed and illustrated on two glaciers located in the Mont-Blanc area. The results

-event detected VHR SAR imagery. The method operates at the level of individual buildings and assumes that they have a rectangular footprint and are isolated. First, the 3-D parameters of a building are estimated from the pre-event optical imagery. Second, the building information and the acquisition parameters

it into two instances, that is, which with and without navigation data provided from GPS/INS system. It discusses the aerial triangulation theory from airborne SAR images, with which only sparse GCPs around the mapping area could be provided, puts forward the corresponding mathematical model, and sequent