El Salvador, Guatemala is a, study in black and white. On the left is a collection of extreme Marxist-Leninist groups led by what one diplomat calls “a pretty faceless bunch of people.’ ’ On the right is an entrenched elite that has dominated Central America’s most populous country since a CIA-backed coup deposed the reformist government of Col. Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán in 1954. Moderates of the political center. embattled but alive in E1 Salvador, have virtually disappeared in Guatemala-joining more than 30.000 victims of terror over the last tifteen vears. “The situation in Guatemala is much more serious than in EI Salvador, ” declares one Latin American diplomat. “The oligarchy is that much more reactionary. and the choices are far fewer. “ ‘Zero’: The Guatemalan oligarchs hated Jimmy Carter for cutting off U.S. military aid in 1977 to protest human-rights abuses-and the right-wingers hired marimba bands and set off firecrackers on the night Ronald Reagan was elected. They considered Reagan an ideological kinsman and believed they had a special

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Application performance analysis in modern microprocessors has become extremely complex due to substantial instruction level parallelism, complex processor pipelines and deep memory hierarchies. Performance analysts need to have a thorough understanding of the dynamic behavior of programs in order

The research community has studied if-conversion for many years. However, due to the lack of existing hardware, studies were conducted by simulating code generated by experimental compilers. This paper presents the first comprehensive study of the use of predication to implement if-conversion on production hardware with a near-production compiler. To better understand trends in the measurements, we generated binaries at three increasing levels of if-conversion aggressiveness. For each level, we gathered data regarding the global runtime effects of if-conversion on overall execution time, register pressure, code size, and branch behavior. Furthermore, we studied the inherent characteristics of program control-flow

“reserved ” or “undefined. ” Intel reserves these for future definition and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to them. The Itanium processor may contain design defects or errors known as errata which may cause the product to deviate from

Recent high performance processors have depended on Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) to achieve high execution speed. ILP processors achieve their high performance by causing multiple operations to execute in parallel, using a combination of compiler and hardware techniques. Very Long

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This dissertation explores high-performance complexity-efficient processors focusing on VLIW processors. Complexity efficiency is a qualitative characteristic that describes a system where performance has not reached the point of diminishing returns. Using the techniques described

Ispike is a post-link optimizer developed for the Intel R Itanium Processor Family (IPF) processors. The IPF architecture poses both opportunities and challenges to post-link optimizations. IPF offers a rich set of performance counters to collect detailed profile information at a low cost, which