of significant practical importance. However, there is little empirical data about how well existing logging practices work and how they can yet be improved. We describe a comprehensive study characterizing the efficacy of logging practices across five large and widely used software systems. Across 250 randomly

participant’s Web behavior for a two week monitoring period. To understand better the significant episodes of activity identified in the Web tracking logs, a second round of personal interviews was conducted. The study found that people who use the Web as part of their work engage in four complementary modes

to benefits, we found evidence of measurement dysfunction induced directly by the presence of the Software ICU. We compare these results to case studies we performed in 2003 and 2006 using the Hackystat Framework but not the Software ICU. We use these findings to orient future re-search on empirical software

Object protocols are a commonly studied research problem, but there is little known about their usability in practice. In particular, there is little research to show that object protocols cause difficulty for developers. In this work, we use community forums to find empirical evidence that object

Algebraic algorithms deal with numbers, vectors, matrices, polynomials, for-mal power series, exponential and differential polynomials, rational functions, algebraic sets, curves and surfaces. In this vast area, manipulation with matri-ces and polynomials is fundamental for modern computations in Sciences and

Scale 2 (ecoregion) analysis we used recent global NPP satellite derived estimates, as explained below. Biodiversity data were the main variable of interest for the study and also the most difficult to standardize across sites. Our search revealed numerous gaps in the literature for biodiversity counts

introduction in the field of rupture and earthquakes is exciting as it suggests the potential for constraining novel underlying physical mechanisms of spontaneously forming hierarchical structures and for prediction. It is thus essential to assess the significance of the empirical evidences. In this goal, we

include the use of program invariants, formal specification languages, trace and log file analysis, and meta-morphic testing. In this paper, we present the results of two empirical stud-ies in which we compare the effectiveness of some of these approaches, including metamorphic testing and runtime as

largely been in lab settings, while scaling and transitioning to effective practical use demands more empirical feedback from the field. This paper addresses that need by studying metrics based on automatically-gathered anonymous field data from code searches to infer user satisfaction. We describe

, we also use its history of wars. People's priors can be affected by their education and in particular by the history they study in school. Italian education, for instance, emphasizes the struggles that lead to the reunification of the country in the 19th century. Since the major battles during