fields, including bioinformatics, communication theory, statistical physics, combinatorial optimization, signal and image processing, information retrieval and statistical machine learning. Many problems that arise in specific instances — including the key problems of computing marginals and modes

... This paper provides an up-to-date critical survey of still- and video-based face recognition research. There are two underlying motivations for us to write this survey paper: the first is to provide an up-to-date review of the existing literature, and the second is to offer some insights into the studies of machine recognition of faces. To provide a comprehensive survey, we not only categorize existing recognition techniques but also present detailed descriptions of representative methods within each category. In addition,

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In this paper we describe the acquisition and content of a large multi-modal database intended for training and testing of multi-modal verification systems. The XM2VTSDB database offers synchronised video and speech data as well as image sequences allowing multiple views of the face. It consists

This paper explores the topic of social robots -- the class of robots that people anthropomorphize in order to interact with them. From the diverse and growing number of applications for such robots, a few distinct modes of interaction are beginning to emerge. We distinguish four such classes: socially evocative, socially communicative, socially responsive, and sociable. For the remainder of the paper, we explore a few key features of sociable robots that distinguishes them from the others. We use the vocal turn-taking behavior of our robot, Kismet, as a case study to highlight these points.

... This paper surveys the past work in solving these problems. The capability of the human visual system with respect to these problems is discussed, too. It is meant to serve as an ultimate goal and a guide for determining recommendations for development of an automatic facial expression analyzer

to the revised theory, phonetic information is perceived in a biologically distinct system, a ‘module ’ specialized to detect the intended gestures of the speaker that are the basis for phonetic categories. Built into the structure of this module is the unique but lawful relationship between the gestures

identity. Speech processing and the basic components of automatic speakerrecognition systems are shown and design tradeoffs are discussed. Then, a new automatic speaker-recognition system is given. This recognizer performs with 98.9 % correct identification. Last, the performances of various systems