Results 1 - 10 of 19,166

The knowledge complexity of interactive proof systems

by Shafi Goldwasser, Silvio Micali, Charles Rackoff - , 1989
"... Usually, a proof of a theorem contains more knowledge than the mere fact that the theorem is true. For instance, to prove that a graph is Hamiltonian it suffices to exhibit a Hamiltonian tour in it; however, this seems to contain more knowledge than the single bit Hamiltonian/non-Hamiltonian. In th ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1246 (39 self) - Add to MetaCart
/non-Hamiltonian. In this paper a computational complexity theory of the "knowledge " contained in a proof is developed. Zero-knowledge proofs are defined as those proofs that convey no additional knowledge other than the correctness of the proposition in question. Examples of zero-knowledge proof systems are given

A Theory of Diagnosis from First Principles

by Raymond Reiter - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE , 1987
"... Suppose one is given a description of a system, together with an observation of the system's behaviour which conflicts with the way the system is meant to behave. The diagnostic problem is to determine those components of the system which, when assumed to be functioning abnormally, will explain ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1120 (5 self) - Add to MetaCart
, will explain the discrepancy between the observed and correct system behaviour. We propose a general theory for this problem. The theory requires only that the system be described in a suitable logic. Moreover, there are many such suitable logics, e.g. first-order, temporal, dynamic, etc. As a result

Motivation through the Design of Work: Test of a Theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,

by ] Richard Hackman , Grec R Oldham , 1976
"... A model is proposed that specifies the conditions under which individuals will become internally motivated to perform effectively on their jobs. The model focuses on the interaction among three classes of variables: (a) the psychological states of employees that must be present for internally motiv ..."
Abstract - Cited by 622 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
of the theorizing (cf. Porter, Lawler, & Hackman, 1975, Chap. 10). We then propose and report a test of a theory of work redesign that focuses specifically on how the characteristics of jobs and the characteristics of people interact to determine when an "enriched" job will lead to beneficial outcomes

A capacity theory of comprehension: Individual differences in working memory

by Marcel Adam Just, Patricia A. Carpenter - Psychological Review , 1992
"... A theory of the way working memory capacity constrains comprehension is proposed. The theory proposes that both processing and storage are mediated by activation and that the total amount of activation available in working memory varies among individuals. Individual differences in working memory cap ..."
Abstract - Cited by 700 (21 self) - Add to MetaCart
that their syntactic processes are not informationally encapsulated. Another aspect is syntactic ambiguity: The larger capacity of some individuals permits them to maintain multiple interpretations. The theory is instantiated as a production system model in which the amount of activation available to the model affects

Aging: a theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry

by Denham Harman, Ph. D - J Gerontol , 1956
"... The phenomenon of growth, decline and death-aging-has been the source of consider-able speculation (1, 8, 10). This cycle seems to be a more or less direct function of the meta-bolic rate and this in turn depends on the species (animal or plant) on which are super-imposed the factors of heredity and ..."
Abstract - Cited by 637 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
systems. In the first place, free radicals are present in living cells; this was recently demonstrated in vivo by a paramagnetic resonance absorption method (3). Further, it was shown that the concentra-tion of free radicals increased with increasing metabolic activity in conformity with the postu

Consensus and cooperation in networked multi-agent systems

by Reza Olfati-Saber , J Alex Fax , Richard M Murray , Reza Olfati-Saber , J Alex Fax , Richard M Murray - Proceedings of the IEEE , 2007
"... Summary. This paper provides a theoretical framework for analysis of consensus algorithms for multi-agent networked systems with an emphasis on the role of directed information flow, robustness to changes in network topology due to link/node failures, time-delays, and performance guarantees. An ove ..."
Abstract - Cited by 807 (4 self) - Add to MetaCart
Summary. This paper provides a theoretical framework for analysis of consensus algorithms for multi-agent networked systems with an emphasis on the role of directed information flow, robustness to changes in network topology due to link/node failures, time-delays, and performance guarantees

Reinforcement learning: a survey

by Leslie Pack Kaelbling, Michael L. Littman, Andrew W. Moore - Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research , 1996
"... This paper surveys the field of reinforcement learning from a computer-science perspective. It is written to be accessible to researchers familiar with machine learning. Both the historical basis of the field and a broad selection of current work are summarized. Reinforcement learning is the problem ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1714 (25 self) - Add to MetaCart
is the problem faced by an agent that learns behavior through trial-and-error interactions with a dynamic environment. The work described here has a resemblance to work in psychology, but differs considerably in the details and in the use of the word "reinforcement." The paper discusses central issues

On understanding types, data abstraction, and polymorphism

by Luca Cardelli, Peter Wegner - ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS , 1985
"... Our objective is to understand the notion of type in programming languages, present a model of typed, polymorphic programming languages that reflects recent research in type theory, and examine the relevance of recent research to the design of practical programming languages. Object-oriented languag ..."
Abstract - Cited by 845 (13 self) - Add to MetaCart
for type systems that allows us to explore these interactions in a simple setting, unencumbered by complexities of production programming languages. The evolution of languages from untyped universes to monomorphic and then polymorphic type systems is reviewed. Mechanisms for polymorphism

Human agency in social cognitive theory

by Albert Bandura - The American Psychologist , 1989
"... ABSTRACT: The present article examines the nature and function of human agency within the conceptual model of triadic reciprocal causation. In analyzing the operation of human agency in this interactional causal structure, social cognitive theory accords a central role to cognitive, vicarious, self- ..."
Abstract - Cited by 469 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
ABSTRACT: The present article examines the nature and function of human agency within the conceptual model of triadic reciprocal causation. In analyzing the operation of human agency in this interactional causal structure, social cognitive theory accords a central role to cognitive, vicarious, self

Integration of the cognitive and the psychodynamic unconscious

by Seymour Epstein - American Psychologist , 1994
"... Cognitive-experiential self-theory integrates the cognitive and the psychodynamic unconscious by assuming the ex-istence of two parallel, interacting modes of information processing: a rational system and an emotionally driven experiential system. Support for the theory is provided by the convergenc ..."
Abstract - Cited by 477 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
Cognitive-experiential self-theory integrates the cognitive and the psychodynamic unconscious by assuming the ex-istence of two parallel, interacting modes of information processing: a rational system and an emotionally driven experiential system. Support for the theory is provided
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