"... In PAGE 4: ... We also define the performance metrics of interest. The videos used in the experiments are listed in Table1 . Each video is RTP packetized with additional headers added as specified in [23].... In PAGE 5: ...Figure 3: GDB segmenting scheme for Periodic Broadcast while the machine in USC has a a 100Mbps network. For experiments involving multiple videos, we use multiple copies of the same video (chosen from Table1 ), with each copy placed in a separate file on disk. The server and the underlying operating system treat each copy as a distinct video, and the server trans- mits each video using a selected broadcast scheme.... In PAGE 8: ... In order to remove the (unknown) effects of an unknown amount of OS-internal disk block caching, all video data is pre-loaded and locked into our application-level video cache. In configuration 1 (see Table 3), three copies of the demo video (see Table1 ) are placed into memory, with each video divided into eight equal-length segments (note that this is only an- other version of periodic broadcast). Each video segment is then transmitted over a separate multicast group, resulting in a total of 24 segments being transmitted, each over its own multicast address.... In PAGE 9: ... As the bandwidth to UMD is constrained by a 10Mbps network interface, we choose the low bandwidth CBR video, Tommy, for the experiments. As shown in Table1 , this movie is 300Kbps, 20 minutes long and 30 frames per second. The video is packetized according to [23].... ..."

"... In PAGE 6: ... IP network and JPEG video streams. server separates the frames of a JPEG video into four layers ( Table2 ) and transmits them via four multicast addresses. It consumes 1.... ..."

"... In PAGE 8: ... To be fair, the reviewers are given a chance to modify the score any time during the review pro- cess. Table5 shows the results of the performance evaluation of the video summarization from five reviewers by using a percentage scale (%). Each non-parenthesis value is the av- erage score of five reviewers, while each parenthesis value is the standard deviation of assigned scores at each level.... In PAGE 8: ... The overall average scores and standard deviations are given at the bottom of the table. As seen in Table5 , the overall av- erage scores of informativeness are 82.... ..."

"... In PAGE 4: ...Table 1: Trace data from a video call over 3G Network From Table1 we observe that the video quality of handset 1 was judged to be much better with H.263 than with MPEG4.... ..."

"... In PAGE 13: ....4.1. Throughput Comparison In Table1 we present test-bed results on throughput for internal network. The net change indicates that the field data reveals discrepancies showing less output in the morning and more output in the evening.... In PAGE 14: ... In addition there is high enough variability in CORSIM runs to account for a considerable part of the apparent discrepancy (see Figures 2 and 3). Table1 . Comparison of throughput on the internal network (veh/hr) Table 2.... ..."

"... In PAGE 5: ... These aspects are such things as the level of lossy compression in a JPEG image, the frame rate of video, or the colour depth and size of an image adapted to a specific display device. We use the obvious media hierarchy to represent the media, as in Figure 2, and provide control interfaces to the media, as in Table1 . These control interfaces can be remotely called across the network, transforming the media before it is downloaded.... ..."

"... In PAGE 5: ... These aspects are such things as the level of lossy compression in a JPEG image, the frame rate of video, or the colour depth and size of an image adapted to a specific display device. We use the obvious media hierarchy to represent the media, as in Figure 2, and provide control interfaces to the media, as in Table1 . These control interfaces can be remotely called across the network, transforming the media before it is downloaded.... ..."

"... In PAGE 65: ... At the same time, video surveillance is recommended at the high accident location along I-35/80. The interchanges or bridges nearest the location of the proposed camera are listed in Table7 -1 and Table 7-2. These locations are also identified in the system map in Appendix A.... In PAGE 65: ... If at all possible, the camera should be located at a position outside the area of reconstruction so that video surveillance can continue uninterrupted. Table7 -1 Locations of Video Surveillance and Detection Cameras on I-235 for Immediate Implementation I-235 Interchanges or Bridges Northeast I-235 amp; I-35/80 System Interchange Video Surveillance Euclid Avenue Interchange... In PAGE 66: ... 14th Street Interchange Video Detection E. 6th/Pennsylvania Interchange Video Detection 2nd Avenue Video Detection 7th Avenue Video Detection Cottage Grove Avenue Video Detection 42nd Street Video Detection 56th Street Video Detection 63rd Street Video Detection 73rd Street/8th Street Video Detection 22nd Street Video Detection 35th Street/Valley West Drive Video Surveillance Southwest I-235 amp; I-35/80 System Interchange Video Surveillance Table7 -2 Locations of Video Surveillance and Detection Cameras on I-35/80 for Immediate Implementation I-35/80 Interchanges or Bridges Northeast I-235 amp; I-35/80 System Interchange Video Surveillance E. 14th Street Video Surveillance Merle Hay Road Video Surveillance Hickman Road Video Surveillance Southwest I-235 amp; I-35/80 System Interchange... In PAGE 67: ...ontrol, etc.). The cost of a video surveillance camera, mounted on a pole, with full pan, tilt, and zoom capabilities is about $40,000 (not including the communications systems). The approximate costs for installing the surveillance cameras during each phase are listed below in Table7 -3. These numbers should only be viewed as indicative of the actual cost.... In PAGE 70: ... The estimated cost of deploying detectors is show in Table 7-4. Table7 -4 Estimated Radar Detector In Side Fire Configuration Costs Phase Number of Detectors Approximate Cost Immediate 9 $216,00 1 to 5 years 4 $72,000 5 to 10 years 4 $72,000 10 to 20 7 $374,000 Highway Advisory Radio Highway Advisory Radio (HAR) is considered part of the core ITS infrastructure in most urban areas with an ATMTIS. HAR is a low-output (10 watts or less) radio transmitter used to provide traveler information.... In PAGE 74: ... These are only estimates and should only be used for planning purposes. Table7 -5 Estimated Freeway Mainline CMS Costs Phase Number of CMS Approximate Cost Immediate 0 $0 1 to 5 years 3 $345,000 - $570,000 5 to 10 years 2 $230,000 - $380,000 10 to 20 7 $805,000 - $1,330,000 Table 7-6 Estimated Arterial CMS Cost Phase Number of CMS Approximate Cost Immediate 0 $0 1 to 5 years 13 $715,000 - $1,170,000 5 to 10 years 0 $0 10 to 20 0 $0 Ramp Metering Ramp metering involves mounting a traffic signal head, cycling from red to green, on entrance ramps to freeway design standard facilities. The meter controls the flow of traffic... In PAGE 74: ... These are only estimates and should only be used for planning purposes. Table 7-5 Estimated Freeway Mainline CMS Costs Phase Number of CMS Approximate Cost Immediate 0 $0 1 to 5 years 3 $345,000 - $570,000 5 to 10 years 2 $230,000 - $380,000 10 to 20 7 $805,000 - $1,330,000 Table7 -6 Estimated Arterial CMS Cost Phase Number of CMS Approximate Cost Immediate 0 $0 1 to 5 years 13 $715,000 - $1,170,000 5 to 10 years 0 $0 10 to 20 0 $0 Ramp Metering Ramp metering involves mounting a traffic signal head, cycling from red to green, on entrance ramps to freeway design standard facilities. The meter controls the flow of traffic... In PAGE 76: ... When the bottleneck was removed through geometric improvements, the ramp meters were removed. Table7 -8 identifies the number of interchanges and link accidents which occurred during the peak periods in 1993 along I-235 and I-35/80 and indicates locations where further detailed study of ramp metering is recommended. Further study is required to identify whether it is possible to conduct ramp metering given the ramp geometry, the adequacy of acceleration and deceleration distances, and storage area on the ramps.... In PAGE 76: ... These indirect costs include those resulting from diverting trips away from the interstate or to another time of day, inequitably favoring individuals making long trips over those making short trips, and promoting longer trips. Table7 -8 Peak Period Accidents at Interchanges and Along Links LOCATION Interchange Accidents (weekday) Link Accidents (weekday) Meter Study Recommendation I-235 Interchanges AM Peak PM Peak Total AM Peak PM Peak Total NE 35/80/235 System Interchange 9 2... In PAGE 82: ... Only a single center is included in the estimate, although the architecture accommodates multiple centers with access to computer and video transmissions from throughout the network. Estimated ATMTIS Costs In Table7 -9 are summarized the estimated costs of the traffic management street and office hardware and traveler information systems. Added to the systems discussed in this chapter are incident management system and plan and the cable television and Internet traveler information systems.... In PAGE 83: ... These are only estimates and accurate cost information should be a result of engineering design. Table7 -9 Estimated Total ATMTIS Cost Planning Period ATMTIS Hardware Assets Immediate 1 - 5 Years 5 - 10 10 - 15 Years Years TMC Hardware $135,000 -- -- -- Video Surveillance $320,000 $520,000 $120,000 $280,000 Video Detection $680,000 -- -- -- Vehicle Detectors $216,000 $72,000 $72,000 $374,000 Highway Advisory Radio $82,500 -- $247,500 $165,000 Freeway Changeable Message Signs $0 $457,500 $305,000 $1,067,500 Arterial Changeable Message Signs $0 $942,500 $0 $0 Ramp Metering $570,000 $0 $0 $0 Communications System $7,143,000 $5,893,000 $0 $676,000 Total Hardware Costs $9,146,500 $7,885000 $744,500 $2,562,500 Hardware Engineering/Design $914,650 $788,500 $74,450 $256,250 System Integration $914,650 $788,500 $74,450 $256,250 Total Hardware, Design, and Integration $10,975,800 $9,462,000 $893,400 $3,075,000 ATMTIS Software and Systems Cable Television System/Interface $200,000 -- -- -- Internet Information System $30,000 -- -- -- Incident Management Plan $50,000 -- -- -- Incident Information System -- $50,000 -- -- TMC Software and Customizing $250,000 -- -- -- Total Cost for Software and Systems $530,000 $50,000 $0 $0 Grand Total $11,505,800 $9,565,000 $893,400 $3,075,000 ATMTIS Recommendations Summary A number of recommendations were made in this chapter. All the roadside ITS assets were recommended in this chapter.... In PAGE 84: ...examined as part of the I-235 reconstruction programs. The roadside ITS assets recommended are listed in Table7 -10 and the proposed locations of those devices is shown in the system map. Table 7-10 Number of ITS Roadside Devices Number of Devices Roadside Asset Immediate 1-5 Years 5-10 Years 10-15 Years Video Surveillance cameras 8 13 3 7 Video Detection Cameras 12 0 0 0 Radar Vehicle Detectors 9 4 4 7 Highway Advisory Radio 1 0 3 2 Freeway CMS 0 3 2 7 Arterial CMS 0 13 0 0 Ramp Meters 19 0 0 0 The ATMTIS is the core piece of ITS infrastructure for the Des Moines deployment.... In PAGE 84: ... The roadside ITS assets recommended are listed in Table 7-10 and the proposed locations of those devices is shown in the system map. Table7 -10 Number of ITS Roadside Devices Number of Devices Roadside Asset Immediate 1-5 Years 5-10 Years 10-15 Years Video Surveillance cameras 8 13 3 7 Video Detection Cameras 12 0 0 0 Radar Vehicle Detectors 9 4 4 7 Highway Advisory Radio 1 0 3 2 Freeway CMS 0 3 2 7 Arterial CMS 0 13 0 0 Ramp Meters 19 0 0 0 The ATMTIS is the core piece of ITS infrastructure for the Des Moines deployment. Shown in Figure 7-5 is a very high level systems architechure for ATMTIS.... ..."

"... In PAGE 2: ... A general block diagram of the system is shown in Figure 1. The specifications for the system are given in Table1 . The synthesizer needs to generate a wide range of frequencies to support different display modes.... In PAGE 2: ... PLL VCO Charge Pump Loop Filter Routing Routing Dividers digital interface MirrorArray Interface Video Driver System Wi , Li Routing Ci Ri Fin, Fout, jitter, resolution, technology, power supply jitter, m,n,k, finj 3 D/As Ci Ri Ci Ri R, C, C2 Fo, Ko, jitter INL, DNL, speed, resolution Td Td Ip, Rout Qinj , Vsat Td PFD Figure2: Video DriverSystem Hierarchy The hierarchy of our design example contains two high- level decompositions (Figure 2). For the first, the constraints of Table1 can be trivially decomposed into D/A and fre- quency synthesizer constraints. The D/A converter synthesis hierarchy stops after the constraints are given, since a module generator [2] is used for automatic synthesis from specifica- tions.... ..."