theoretical and algorithmic aspects of the theory. The goal of this overview is to demonstrate how the abstract learning theory established conditions for generalization which are more general than those discussed in classical statistical paradigms and how the understanding of these conditions inspired new

general discussion

many of them were quite useful, particularly in terms of what the authors had wanted to do for diagnostic tests. Having conditional transitional probabilities is a particularly important extension in making the modelling of the crisis regime richer, he said, and that is something that they would want to do. He noted that these models—even with a fairly simple specification—become complicated. The authors had sought to be transparent in the model by keeping it simple. Morley thought that the Forbes-Rigobon distinction between common shocks and structural linkages was sensible in terms of dynamics, and that dynamics are important to model with these techniques. But one of the ways the authors simplified their model was in terms of dynamics: the shocks did not show up across different places and across time. However, he emphasized that no observational distinction really exists between a common shock and a shock that transmits immediately from country A to country B. Thus, he said, although the model ended up being simpler than the Forbes-Rigobon model,

Sukudhew Singh (Central Bank of Malaysia) asked whether the models used at central banks did not lead to policy myopia, in the sense that what was not in the models became invisible to policy-makers. Second, he expressed concern that it is difficult for economists and policy-makers to change the paradigm they are used to in the face of new facts and circumstances. Eichenbaum answered that an image of a policy-maker looking only at a single New Keynesian DSGE model is a caricature. Policy institutions use many different models simultaneously. A model is merely a way to quantify a point of view. As for responding to new facts, he agreed with Keynes ’ recipe: “When the facts change, I change my mind – what do you do, sir?” Klaus Adam (Mannheim University) referred to the research program of integrating asset pricing and macro models. Many of these models, including the Bernanke-Gertler approach, are incapable of reproducing even the very basic asset pricing facts and have to resort to added exogenous bubble components. What mechanisms can provide endogenous propagation to integrate macro

Economics) pointed out a difference between today’s bank supervision and that of the 19th century. To a 19th-century central bank, being a competitor, the door to a commercial bank was always closed, and the central bank knew nothing about commercial banks ’ internal operations. What they did know about was the quality of the securities they bought. Is the lesson today that central banks should investigate the business of commercial banks? Since mortgage credits are such big business today, should central banks monitor the loan‑to-value and loan-to-income ratios for these credits? Goodhart disagreed with James ’ account of the political attacks on the Bank of England. The measures that the Bank of England took to restructure the cotton and steel industries received virtually no political criticism. They were actually praised for providing support to the industrial heart of the UK. Reasons for which the Bank of England was criticised were its support for the re-adoption of the gold standard in 1925 at a rate against gold that was far too high, and the fact that it subsequently kept interest rates high. The accusation was that the

Report on the meeting of the Space/Space-Time group of the

Fine-graining without coarse-graining: an easy and fast way to equilibrate dense polymer melts

The objective of the work described in this thesis was first to design and secondly to test the effects of Integrative Reactivation and Rehabilitation (IRR). In this chap-ter the most important results of the research comprising this dissertation will be summarized by addressing the research objectives of both three explorative obser-

In this thesis, we searched for endophenotypes in hippocampal network activity, the genes underlying them, and their behavioral correlates. One of these potential endophenotypes was the DFA exponent, which reflects the strength of long-range

The paper describes a rank-based fitness assignment method for Multiple Objective Genetic Algorithms (MOGAs). Conventional niche formation methods are extended to this class of multimodal problems and theory for setting the niche size is presented. The fitness assignment method is then modified to allow direct intervention of an external decision maker (DM). Finally, the MOGA is generalised further: the genetic algorithm is seen as the optimizing element of a multiobjective optimization loop, which also comprises the DM. It is the interaction between the two that leads to the determination of a satisfactory solution to the problem. Illustrative results of how the DM can interact with the genetic algorithm are presented. They also show the ability of the MOGA to uniformly sample regions of the trade-off surface.