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m]]l]]s¶D]]¿÷mB]iv]b]oD]m¶¨]iv]§]iv]r]j]t¿rv]]irj]]t]]m] / | ap]]r¿]ÎNy]s¶D]]mb¶r]ix} Û]Ix]]rd]mb]} p—N]t]o%ism] in]ty]m] / || Û]Is]¡uÎc]rN]]riv]nd]p]*N]m]st¶ I always bow to Śri ̄ Śāradāmbā, the limitless ocean of the nectar of compassion, who bears a rosary, a vessel of nectar, the symbol of knowledge and a book in Her lotus hands. Dedicated to the Lotus Feet of the revered Sadguru. This thesis presents a new active mask (AM) framework and an algorithm for segmenta-tion of digital images, particularly those of punctate patterns from fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescence microscopy has greatly facilitated the task of understanding complex sys-tems at cellular and molecular levels in recent years. Segmentation, an important yet dif-ficult problem, is often the first processing step following acquisition. Our team previously demonstrated that a stochastic active contour based algorithm together with the concept of

This thesis presents CraneTracker, a multi-modal sensing and communication system for monitoring migratory species at the continental level. By exploiting the robust and extensive cellular infrastructure across the continent, traditional mobile wireless sensor networks can be extended to enable reliable, low-cost monitoring of migratory species. The developed multi-tier architecture yields ecologists with unconventional behavior in-formation not furnished by alternative tracking systems at such a large scale and for a low-cost. The simulation, development and implementation of the CraneTracker soft-ware system is presented. The system is shown effective through multiple proxy deploy-

Abstract. We review theoretical models of individual motility as well as collective dynamics and pattern formation of active particles. We focus on simple models of active dynamics with a particular emphasis on nonlinear and stochastic dynamics of such self-propelled entities in the framework of statistical mechanics. Examples of such active units in complex physico-chemical and biological systems are chemically pow-ered nano-rods, localized patterns in reaction-diffusion system, motile cells or macroscopic animals. Based on the description of individual motion of point-like active particles by stochastic differential equations, we discuss different velocity-dependent friction functions, the impact of various types of fluctuations and calculate characteristic observ-ables such as stationary velocity distributions or diffusion coefficients. Finally, we consider not only the free and confined individual active dynamics but also different types of interaction between active par-ticles. The resulting collective dynamical behavior of large assemblies and aggregates of active units is discussed and an overview over some recent results on spatiotemporal pattern formation in such systems is given. 1

Responses of soil biological processes to elevated atmospheric [CO2] and nitrogen addition in a poplar plantation

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