Abstract. A predator's per capita feeding rate on prey, or its functional response, provides a foundation for predator-prey theory. Since 1959, Holling's prey-dependent Type II functional response, a model that is a function of prey abundance only, has served as the basis for a large literature on predator-prey theory. We present statistical evidence from 19 predator-prey systems that three predator-dependent functional responses (BeddingtonDeAngelis, Crowley-Martin, and Hassell-Varley), i.e., models that are functions of both prey and predator abundance because of predator interference, can provide better descriptions of predator feeding over a range of predator-prey abundances. No single functional response best describes all of the data sets. Given these functional forms, we suggest use of the Beddington-DeAngelis or Hassell-Varley model when predator feeding rate becomes independent of predator density at high prey density and use of the Crowley-Martin model when predator feeding rate is decreased by higher predator density even when prey density is high.

Abstract: The authors, on the basis of brief arguments, have dismissed tensor networks as a viable response to Jackendoffís challenges. However, there are reasons to believe that connectionist approaches descended from tensor networks are actually very well suited to answering Jackendoffís

generalization error analysis for general output codes with AdaBoost as the binary learner. Experimental results with SVM and AdaBoost show that our scheme provides a viable alternative to the most commonly used multiclass algorithms.

, Regulation 13-certified coordinates of twenty CORSnet-NSW sites across New South Wales. It is shown that post-processed PPP can provide a viable alternative to differential techniques for survey accuracy, static survey applications for observation spans of at least 4 hours.

, we discuss why automated delegation is desirable. We also present Jamie, a freeware preprocessor-based extension to Java that offers such an alternative.

. Many high-level language compilers generate C code and then invoke a C compiler to do code generation, register allocation, stack management, and low-level optimization. To date, most of these compilers link the resulting code against a conservative mark-sweep garbage collector in order to reclaim unused memory. We introduce a new collector, MCC, based on mostly-copying collection, and characterize the conditions that favor such a collector over a mark-sweep collector. In particular we demonstrate that mostly-copying collection outperforms conservative mark-sweep under the same conditions that accurate copying collection outperforms accurate mark-sweep: Specifically, MCC meets or exceeds the performance of a mature mark-sweep collector when allocation rates are high, and physical memory is large relative to the live data. 1 High Level Overview Languages such as C [1] and C++ [27] are GC-unfriendly because they allow programs to violate the key premise of tracing garbage collection--...

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toms on many of the newly developed lines, but not on the local Syrian landrace check. I wrote on my notebook wondering what type of disease could develop on barley so early in the season on such a bitterly cold, treeless steppe. In spring 1992, Tony Rathjen from South Australia, on a visit to ICARDA, reported that he had observed boron toxicity (BT) symptoms on barley growing at the Breda substation (270 mm rainfall). The tiny brown spots on the leaf samples that he took for us did not convince me at the time that the problem was not of pathogenic origin. It was not until the fall of 1992, after I tested several barley lines in pots to which diff erent amounts of boric acid were added, that I was fi nally convinced that the symptoms we had observed were indeed BT.

Enterprise systems are located within the antinomy of appearing as generic product, while being means of multiple integrations for the user through configuration and customisation. Technological and organisational integrations are defined by architectures and standardised interfaces. Until recently, technological integration of enterprise systems has been supported largely by monolithic architectures that were designed, and maintained by the respective developers. From a technical perspective, this approach had been challenged by the suggestion of component-based enterprise systems that would allow for a more user-focused system through strict modularisation. Lately, the product nature of software as proprietary item has been questioned through the rapid increase of open source programs that are being used in business computing in general, and also within the overall portfolio that makes up enterprise systems. This suggests the potential for altered technological and commercial constellations for the design of enterprise systems, which are presented in different scenarios. The technological and commercial decomposition of enterprise software and systems may also address some concerns emerging from the users' experience of those systems, and which may have arisen from their proprietary or product nature.

Abstract: There are growing pressures for the public sector to be more innovative but considerable disagreement about how to achieve it. This paper uses institutional and organizational analysis to compare three major but different public innovation strategies. The paper commences by confronting the myth that the market-driven private sector is more innovative than the public sector by showing that both sectors have a number of barriers as well as drivers of innovation, some of which are similar while others are sector-specific. The paper then systematically analyses the three strategies for innovation. These are: New Public Management which emphasises market competition; the neo-Weberian state which emphasises organizational entrepreneurship; and collaborative governance which emphasises multi-actor engagement across organizations in the private, public and non-profit sectors. The article concludes that the choice between different strategies for enhancing public innovation is contingent rather than absolute. Some contingencies for each strategy are outlined.