"... In PAGE 12: ... The models do not consider limitations due to nutrients other than nitrogen, nor possible yield reductions caused by weeds, pests and diseases, and flooding; thus crop model simulations are usually taken to represent an upper limit of crop production for the management systems and sites tested. Potential Yield Table7 shows modeled wheat yields, nitrogen applications, and irrigation amount under non-limiting nitrogen and water regimes. Potential yields give an indication of the maximum yield possible under current climate and management conditions and are fairly similar across the transect of sites.... ..."

"... In PAGE 13: ... Statistical Analysis and Yield Functions Correlation coefficients. Table8 a shows the correlation coefficients at the eight sites between wheat yields, inputs (nitrogen and water) and variations in temperature and precipitation in the observed climate record. Climate anomalies are for March to June when the crop is actively growing.... In PAGE 13: ... Temperature anomalies from March to June generally have a smaller and mostly negative effect on yields. Table8 b shows correlations of non water-limited yields with nitrogen fertilizer applications and temperature anomalies in March, April, May, and June. Non water-limited wheat yields are highly correlated with nitrogen fertilizer levels at all sites.... ..."

"... In PAGE 37: ...TABLE6 . ESTIMATED COSTS AND RETURNS OF CONVENTIONAL VERSUS REDUCED TILLAGE COTTON IN THE ROLLING PLAINS OF TEXAS Continuous Continuous Conventional apos; Reduced apos; Item (no diking) (2 Lint Yield, Mg 0.... In PAGE 77: ...TABLE6 . GREENBUG CONTROL ON SORGHUM WITH 4E insecticide (Bynum et al.... ..."

"... In PAGE 31: ... This database was used to calculate fertilizer recommendations for the ten most important food crops and cotton, by soil type, water source, altitude, precipitation, and season. Key results are shown in Table14... In PAGE 32: ... 10 estimates of without-fertilizer yields, response to N and P, and a value/cost ratio (VCR)11 for each recommendation, using fertilizer and market prices from 1992/93 (Geurts 1997). In general, the results show a good response to N and P across a number of food crops and cotton ( Table14 , Appendix 1). Average fertilizer response (% change in yield) was over 50% in cotton, potato, maize, soybean and wheat.... In PAGE 32: ... Results for wheat are mixed. Sorghum and maize had the highest ratios, reaching 50 for maize in Luvisols, and over 20 for sorghum in Luvisols and for maize in Acrisols, Ferralsols and Lixisols ( Table14 , Appendix 1). The results show that fertilizer recommendations and response vary widely even for the same crop, depending on the agroecological zone and soil type.... ..."

"... In PAGE 12: ... Producers should consider limiting applicationspast the mid- point in the growing season to facilitate maximum uptake of N resulting from applied poultry litter. Tissue N accumulation ( Table2 ) in grass species with 0-ton/A litter ranged from 38.... In PAGE 16: ....007.63 a ~ ~ ~~~ *Numbers in the same column and category followed with the same letter are not significantly different at the 5% level. Table2 . Summary of the cotton management practices by year.... In PAGE 19: ... No charge was issued for land, overhead labor, other over- head, crop insurance, real estate taxes, and management. Results and Discussion Grain yields for the study are shown in Table2 . These par ticular crop rotations were selected for the alternation of host crop for soilborneplant pathogens, weed spectrum easily con- trolled by available herbicides, and economic potential.... In PAGE 20: ...------ Table2 . Grain yield for the 11 cropping systems.... In PAGE 23: ...5 cm size applied to the Agronomy farm vegetables. Table2 . Compost treatment and field corn forage yield from use of yard waste compost (YWC) on Haufler farm research plots for 1992, 1993, and 1994.... In PAGE 23: ...8 Mglha to 11.2 Mglha (based on 30% dry matter silage)depending upon the experiment ( Table2 ).In creased yield was positively correlated with the increased soil organic matter, improved soil fertility conditions, and greatly increased soil water storage capacity.... In PAGE 27: ... Herbicide treatment resulted in greater leaf and total plant yield compared to the check. The leaf to stem dry matter ra tio indicated that the supplementalN was required in greater quantities for leaf dry matter production compared to the stem ( Table2 ). This would be expected since the stem would de velop first during plant growth and development and would have had access to an assumed sufficient level of fertilizer N prior to the excess rainfall/irrigation time.... In PAGE 27: ...le 3). This relationship held true for the total plant as well. Consistently greater amounts of N was removed by tobacco parts and total plant from the herbicide-treated plots com pared to the control (Table 3). Table2 . No-tillage tobacco plant dry matter yield from weed control and supplemental N treatments, Florida 1994.... In PAGE 30: ...05; ns = not significant. Table2 . Effects of tillage and lime rate on population densities of root-knot nematodes (Meldogyne incognita)at planting and harvest of soybeans.... In PAGE 38: ...25% v/v. Table2 . Tall fescue, giant foxtail, and smooth pigweed control over a 4-year period with Atrazine 4L at 2 qt/A and Gramox one Extra 2.... In PAGE 38: ... Many growers in Kentucky have used only atrazine and Gramoxone Extra to kill tall fescue, giant ragweed, and smooth pigweed. Greater than 80%control of all species can be expected ( Table2 ). A combination of atrazine, Princep, and Gramoxone Extra controlled these species similar to atra zine plus Gramoxone Extra (Table 3).... In PAGE 44: ... Results St. Joseph Grain yields ranged from 34 to 86 bu/acre in 1993 (Table 1) and from 83 to 178 bu/acre in 1994 ( Table2 ). More time ly rainfall probably accounted for the higher grain yields in 1994.... In PAGE 44: ... In 1994, the only year tillage treatments were evaluated at St. Joseph, grain yield did not differ between tillage treat ments ( Table2 ). As a result of delayed seedbed preparation due to wet soil conditions, the CT treatment was planted ap- Table 1.... In PAGE 44: ....S. = nonsignificant at the 0.05 probability level. Table2 . Influence of tillage, cover crop, and N rate on corn grain yield, plants per acre (PPA), ears per acre (EPA), kernel weight, and kernels per ear on Sharkey clay at St.... In PAGE 45: ... In 1994, corn growth was severely reduced by the wheat cover crop treatments regardless of tillage treatment. Grain yield following wheat was decreased about 35% compared to the other cover crops ( Table2 ). Although plant popula tions were decreased following wheat, this would not account for the large difference in grain yield among cover crop treat ments.... In PAGE 52: ...evels. Moody et al. also reported lower soil temperatures and a higher rate of growth and yield for corn when planted into mulched plots. In 1994 of this study, crimson clover and hairy vetch produced significantly higher dry matter yields than rye or native weeds ( Table2 ). High legume DM yields could decrease the need for commercial N fertilizers in sweet- potato production.... In PAGE 52: ...05). Table2 . Cover crop dry matter yield, 1993-1994.... In PAGE 55: ... Ample rainfall resulted in good corn and soybean yield at both locations. Wheat Wheat yields for 1993-1994 are presented in Table2 . A late spring freeze in 1993 resulted in cold injury to seed heads and low yields on both sites.... In PAGE 55: ...11 inches. Table2 . Effect of tillage and rotation on wheat yield in a soybean-wheat doublecropping system in 1993-1994, at the Northeast Branch Station, Verona, MS, and at the Prairie Research Unit, Prairie, MS Wheat 1993 1994 Avg.... In PAGE 58: ... Ryegrass sown in sod was not grazable until March of each year, regardless of N rate. In the second crop year, very little growth occurred until late February and early March because of an extremely dry summer and fall (Figure 1, Table2 ). Total ryegrass yields in tilled plots were 1.... In PAGE 59: ... The below-normal rain- fall during May through October 1993 apparently depleted the soil of moisture, which impacted fall 1993 growth of ryegrass until early 1994. Even the tilled plots in 1993 had Table2 . Ryegrass yield as affected by seedbed and N rate, insufficient fall growth to utilize.... In PAGE 62: ... The Kf values for soils from both tillage systems also increased with shaking time, supporting the previous kinetic data. Sorp tion was nonlinear (n-l lt;l), and the exponent parameter was similar for both soils and all shaking times ( Table2 ). Non- linear characteristics indicate that sorption decreased as ini tial herbicide concentration increased.... In PAGE 62: ..., 1995), and structural components of microbes may have strong sorptive capabilities. Cell components (lipids, proteins, soluble sugars, and poly- Table2 . Freundlich parameter coefficients characterizing the effects of tillage on fluometuron sorption at selected equilibra tion times.... In PAGE 66: ... Verona. Winter VCC on the Leeper was similar to the Vaiden site ( Table2 ). However, the MTBd wheat with doublecrop NT soybeans followed by NT corn in a rotation had 31% VCC on March 11, 1993 and, because of volunteer wheat from the previous wheat crop, had more VCC than all other stale seedbed systems.... In PAGE 67: ... This was in comparison to 11 and 17% VCC for the RTl corn followed byRT2 soybean rotation on April 19, 1993and April 20, 1994. The rotation RT1 corn followed by RT2 soybeans GRC was higher (less corn residue decomposition) than con tinuous NT and RT2 soybeans in April of 1993 and 1994, Table2 . Effect of corn rotation and tillage on winter vegetation canopy cover and ground residue cover on a Leeper silty clay soil from October 1992 through May 1994 at the MAFES Northeast Branch Station, Verona, MS.... In PAGE 70: ... Thirty-eight percent of the studies were documented as having weedy or grassy NT plots that proba bly further contributed to lower yields. When site selection was considered ( Table2 ), the studies conductedon the steeper slopes (6-12%)experienced a higher reduction in NT yields, 44 %,than the flatter slopes (2-6 %), 29 %,compared with CT. When previous erosion was a fac tor, the studies conducted on sites that were moderate to sever ly eroded had a higher reduction in NT yields, 32 %, when compared to CT than the noneroded or slightly eroded sites, 24% when compared to CT.... In PAGE 71: ... The rotation of an effective herbicide pro- gram for weed control is essential to maintaining long-term NT soybean production. Table2 . Site selection influence on yield performance of soy- bean tillage trials at NMBES from 1978 to 1987.... In PAGE 73: ... Results General Yields were taken for the winter wheat crop of 1993-1994 and the soybean crop of 1994 (Table 1). Soil cone indices shown below were from the spring soybean and fall wheat crops of 1994 ( Table2 ). Please, note for the sake of termi nology, that spring tillage and fall tillage are deep-tillage treat ments.... In PAGE 73: ...5 Mean * Soybeans or wheat, surface or deep-tilledmeans with the same letter are not significantly different using the LSD separation procedure. Table2 . Mean cone indices of for 1994 soybeans and 1994 wheat.... In PAGE 73: ... This could be at least partly a result of the 1.1- atm lower cone indices meas ured in nondisked treatments ( Table2 ). A trend is notice- able among the deep-tillagetreatments.... In PAGE 73: ... Cone Index (Spring 1994 and Fall 1994) Mean profile soil cone indices are 1.1 atm higher for disked than for nondisked treatments for measurements taken at soy- bean planting ( Table2 ). Disked treatment cone indices were also higher but not significantly different for the measure ments taken at wheat planting.... In PAGE 74: ... Nondeep-tilled treatmentshad 4- to 10-atm highercone in- dices than deep-tilled treatments. This was true for both wheat and soybean planting ( Table2 ). This difference can be seen in Figure 1 by the loosened zones of deep disruption for the deep-tilled treatments and higher, more uniform cone indices across the profiles of the treatments not deep tilled.... In PAGE 74: ... (1986) similarly reported pan reformation over winter, especially in treatments with surface tillage. Mean profile cone indices were higher for the fall deep tillage than the spring or both spring and fall deep tillage ( Table2 ). Neverthe less, even in this treatment the subsoiled zone (contours not shown) was still evident.... In PAGE 75: ... The addition of a compo nent is then calculated by averaging over all treatments where one tillage component is added to the system. Results and Discussion Yield results obtained from the duration of the study are presented in Table2... In PAGE 76: ... These data strongly suggest that shal low pre-plant and post-plant tillage does not improve crop yields on clay soils. Shallow tillage operations may be desira- Table2 . Pre- and post-plant tillage effects on soybean grain yield on Sharkey and Loring-Calloway-Henry soils.... In PAGE 79: ..., 1989). Wastewaters from nine dairy spray fields with overhead sprin kler or gun irrigation facilities were collected biweekly from early September 1992 to January 1993 ( Table2 ). Dairy wastewater was soil-surface applied in sprayfields for all dairies in the study.... In PAGE 79: ... Large volume rain gauges were placed in two locations of each sprayfield for replicat ed samples. Concentrated H2S04was added to the rain gauges to ensure no losses of N received from the effluent that was Table2 . Characteristics of seven Florida dairies, nine sprayfields, and manure handling, irrigation, and multiple cropping systems.... In PAGE 81: ... Nitrogen available in a period for crop utili zation based on the N and P in filtered samples from samples collected in sprayfields and from pond analysis. N P Dairy Field Pond Average Field Pond Average Gw* 51 52 52 40 18 29 GE 103 39 71 68 13 41 76 64 70 78 26 52 BC 30 26 28 8 21 KB 33 39 36 8 2 5 AL 48 26 37 24 4 14 WH 26 24 25 13 10 12 SHI 35 15 25 27 2 SHN 13 14 14 17 4 12 *See code identity in Table2 . Nitrogen availability is based on an expected 75% losses due to volatilization and denitrification because the effluent was placed on the soil surface.... In PAGE 85: ... The available N from the manure, calculated as half of that applied, was also greater than the highest fertilizer N rate, except for the December, 1992 application (Table 1). Corn grain yields were generally quite good, but were un affected by tillage in experiment I ( Table2 ). Grain N removal was similarly unaffected.... In PAGE 85: ... Grain N removal was similarly unaffected. There was an interaction between manure and fertilizer N use on corn grain yield and N removal in experiment I ( Table2 ). The spring manure application se verely diminished the positive grain yield and N removal responses to fertilizer N.... In PAGE 85: ... Grain removal of manure N was similarly affected by the use of fertilizer N. In experiment II, there was a strong interaction between times of manure application ( Table2 ). While the fall manure application raised both grain yield and N removal in relation to the unamended control, spring manure application result ed in greater yield and N removal.... In PAGE 85: ... This was not the case for the more recent fall manure applications evaluated in experimentII, where mineralizationresulted in greater soil nitrate in the spring of 1993 (Table 3). After corn harvest, soil profile nitrate was still generally Table2 . Corn grain yields and nitrogen removal in 1993.... In PAGE 90: ... Tillage had no effect on Lacassine yield, but yield was significantly lower than the other varieties. Results from 1994 are presented in Table2 . Maturity response due to tillage, variety, and fer tilizer was similar to that measured in 1993.... In PAGE 90: ... Tillage had no effect and increasing rate of N had a small influence. Matu rity of varieties over all tillage and N rates was significantly Table2 . Influence of tillage and N rate on performance and grain yield of drill-seeded rice varieties.... In PAGE 93: ... Increased total soil bacterial populationswere specifically due to the proliferation of Gram- negative bacteria, such as fluorescent pseudomonads. In the soybean cover crop study, both rye and vetch cover crops stimulated soil bacterial populations in the surface soil (0-2 cm) ( Table2 ). However, the effect of cover crop was significant only for the first 3 weeks after planting.... In PAGE 93: ... Bacterial populations in cover crop residues were 50- to 1,000-fold greater than in the underlying soils in all samples taken from both the cotton and soybean studies (Ta ble 3, only data at planting are shown). In the soybean study, surface soils from VC and RC plots exhibited significantly greater microbial biomass than did those from BG plots ( Table2 ). Soils from VC plots initially had the greatest microbial biomass; however, the soils in RC maintained higher levels of microbial biomass than did soils in BG plots in later samplings.... In PAGE 94: ...Table2 . Effect of rye and vetch cover crops on microbial populations and microbial biomass of a Dundee silt loam (0-2 cm), soybean study, 1994.... In PAGE 100: ... In both phases of our study, first-year no-tillage cotton yields were either equal to or less than con ventional yields and at least 2 years of no-tillage were re quired for yield differences to become strongly evident. Lack of immediate response to no-tillage implies that phys- Table2 . Growing season rainfall at the study site, inches/month.... In PAGE 107: ... End of season plant mapping indicated that the delay in flowering was partially caused by the first sympodial branches being higher on the mainstem for the cot- ton grown in the rye mulch (data not shown). Cotton yield did not differ between nondisked and disked treatments following winter fallow ( Table2 ). This result is in contrast to the first 2 years after plot establishment where the nondisked treatment yielded less than the disked treat- Table 2.... In PAGE 107: ... Cotton yield did not differ between nondisked and disked treatments following winter fallow (Table 2). This result is in contrast to the first 2 years after plot establishment where the nondisked treatment yielded less than the disked treat- Table2 . Effect of cover crops and tillage on cotton lint yield.... In PAGE 108: ... ment (Bauer and Busscher, 1993). Following rye, the disked plots had greater yield than the nondisked ( Table2 ), which was partly caused by poorer stands in the nondisked plots (plant stands following rye were 1.3 and 2.... In PAGE 113: ...Table2 . Percent .... In PAGE 115: ... Postemergence hooded or directed applications were first made on June 7. All applications were made according to cot- ton growth stages ( Table2 ). Cotton stage was 2- to 4-leaf, 2- to 4-inches tall.... In PAGE 115: ....0 Ib ai/A prometryn plus 2.0 lb ai/A MSMA were applied through post-directed nozzles. Table2 . Preemergenceand postemergence treatments for weed control in no-till cotton.... ..."

"... In PAGE 33: ...6 Poast - first 1 1 quot;Values a column by the are not significantly different at the 5% level according to Duncan apos;s New Multiple Range Test. Table2 . Perennial weeds and no-till crops in which they are a problem.... In PAGE 44: ... Soybeans harvested 10/13 and 21. Table2 . Effects of no-tillage on soybean foliar diseases, Milan Experiment Station, Milan, TN, 1981.... In PAGE 48: ... Exchange of ideas played a significant role in extending research from the University to the farmer which has helped multicropping minimum tillage systems to be adapted in the South. Data in Table2 gives statistics on the major summer and winter crops in the South in 1974 versus 1981. Acreages and yield data were calculated from USDA Crop Production Annual Summary reports.... In PAGE 49: ...----- -- ---- --- ---- Table2 , Acreage, Yield, and Estimated Value of Major Crops Grown in the South in 1974 Versus 1981 -- I-- 65,154 71,947 SOYBEAN 32,237 2,414 514 129 104 TOTAL - 12,633 12,206 - 427 SO- 21,270 29,565 6,990 - 1,731 COTTON 11,291 106 1,391 18 55,300 61,561 CROP 1974 1981 CROP 1974 1981 -I-- 2,293 2,783 + 490 SOYBEAN 2 3,499 4,967 3 981 891 - 90 5,604 1,158 5 878 107 11,990 15,123 3,133 1974 1981 ---- - T 4,020 OATS - RYE 2,194 - 717 9,406 92,269 CROP 1974 1981 -- -- - 788 RYE 1,006 111 - 96 10,579 22,576 CROP 1974 1981 I -- T 26 OATS 34 RYE 18.5 24 37 53 1974 1981 ... In PAGE 50: ... They are providing information to southern farmers on the long growing season rnulticropping advantages and how minimum tillage is an excellent management tool to aid in multicropping success while saving soil and other costly resources at the same time. Table2 data indicate that southern farmers are adapting better management derived from experiment stations in all categories of research. Note that yield per acre increased by all crops during the 8-year period and that gross value of both summer and winter crops increased by 5.... ..."