"... In PAGE 9: ...Chapter 2 Materials and Methods 2 Materials and Methods Soil Preparation Three different aquifer soils obtained from Louisiana Army Ammunition Plant (LAAP), Minden, LA, and two clays ( Table1 ) were tested for the effects of homoionic substitution on the adsorption of TNT. The LAAP soils composed three of the four main soil types identified in the LAAP aquifer (Pennington et al.... ..."

"... In PAGE 2: ... Students are given an environment that speci es biologically critical factors in terms of qualitativevariables. Environmental speci cations for these episodes include the average incidence of sunlight, the amountofnutrients in the soil, and the height of the water table, as illustrated by several environ- ments from Design-A-Plant ( Table1 ). Students consider these conditions as... ..."

"... In PAGE 3: ... Nematodes were allocated to two trophic categories whose abundances were determined: plant feeders (all species feeding on roots of higher plants) and non-plant feeders, accounting for more than 75% of soil nematodes. Species identification was focused on confirmed parasites of plants, following Freckman and Virginia (1989), which were likely to induce agricultural yield losses ( Table2 ). The biodiversity of these plant parasitic nematodes was measured for each soil sample by two indexes: species richness S and Shannon evenness E.... ..."

"... In PAGE 13: ...pecies in N recovery and were 108.8 and 79.8% ,respective ly, effective in litter applied N recovery at the 8-ton/A rate. Nitrate-N concentrations in soil water under study plots receiving zero poultry litter resulted in mean NO3-N con centrations that were generally lower than for the 4- and 8-ton/A application rates ( Table3 ). Mean NO3-N soil water concentrationsat the 18-inchdepth were usually lower in May 1994than in December of the same year.... In PAGE 13: ... Higher mean NO3-N concentrations were detected in soil water collected with the addition of poultry litter at the 4- and 8-ton/A ap plication rates. Table3 . Effect of variable poultry litter rates applied to various grass species on soil moisture N03-N concentrations (ppm).... In PAGE 20: ... Small plots of early grain sorghum were heavily damaged by birds. Table3 . Total income (TINC), total expenses (TEXP), and total returns above expenses (TRET) for the 11 crop systems.... In PAGE 21: ...08 for conventionally produced doublecropped wheat- soybeans to a low of $57.64 ( Table3 and 4) for no-till con tinuous soybeans. Of the crop rotation systems, the wheat- soybeans continuous doublecropped systems, regardless of tillage practice and stubble management, produced the lar gest net returns.... In PAGE 23: ... Mulched YWC treatments consistently had greater amounts of stored soil water compared to the incorporated YWC treatments (Gal laher and McSorley, 1994b). Squash yield was greater at the Green Acres Agronomy Farm than at the Haufler farm ( Table3 ). This was likely Table 3.... In PAGE 23: ... Squash yield was greater at the Green Acres Agronomy Farm than at the Haufler farm (Table 3). This was likely Table3 . Cumulative total squash yield from application of 269 Mg/ha yard waste compost treatments.... In PAGE 27: ... Even the herbicide treatment had some weeds that may have been controlled with a second application of the same herbicide. Table3 . No-tillage tobacco plant N content from weed control and sumlemental N treatments, Florida 1994.... In PAGE 30: ...01, respectively; ns = not significant. Table3 . Effects of tillage and lime rate on population densities of stubbyroot nematodes (Paratrichodorusminor) at planting and harvest of soybeans.... In PAGE 38: ... Control ratings were made 8 WAT. Tall Giant Smooth Year Fescue Foxtail Pigweed (% control) 1978 100 82 88 1979 95 100 100 1980 100 100 100 1981 100 92 100 Table3 . Tall fescue, giant foxtail, and smooth pigweed control over a multi-year period with Atrazine 4L at 1.... In PAGE 38: ... Greater than 80%control of all species can be expected (Table 2). A combination of atrazine, Princep, and Gramoxone Extra controlled these species similar to atra zine plus Gramoxone Extra ( Table3 ). The primary advan tage of Princep was that it added a longer duration of giant foxtail control.... In PAGE 45: ... Joseph, there were no significant interactions among treat ments for grain yield. Table3 . Influence of tillage, cover crop, and N rate on corn grain yield, plants per acre (PPA), ears per acre (EPA), kernel weight, and kernels per ear on Gigger silt loam at Winnsboro in 1993.... In PAGE 52: ...O5). Table3 . Sweetpotato yields by cover crop and tillage, 1992-1993.... In PAGE 52: ... No modification had been done to the transplanter to adapt it to NT use. No significantdifferences were found between cover crops and tillage for sweetpotatoyields (50 pounds per bushel) in any year ( Table3 ). In a North Carolina study, NT potatoes (species not specified) with cover crops produced yields equal to or higher than the state average (Hoyt, 1984).... In PAGE 55: ... Yields for 1994 were higher on the Vaiden soil than the Leeper soil, possibly because of less surface drainage on the Leeper than Vaiden site. Corn Both Leeper and Vaiden silty clay corn yields for 1993-1994 are presented in Table3 . The Vaiden soil in 1993 for raised- bed systems of continuous CTB and RTl corn, and rotation of RT2 soybeans followed by RTl corn showed no yield differ ence.... In PAGE 56: ...Table3 . Tillage and crop rotation effect on corn yield on Vaiden silty clay and Leeper silty clay soils, Prairie and Verona, MS 1993-1994.... In PAGE 62: ... Non- linear characteristics indicate that sorption decreased as ini tial herbicide concentration increased. Sorption to Cover Crop Material and Soil Herbicide sorption was greatest in the rye and lowest in soil ( Table3 ). The surface area and number of sorption sites of the plant residues were likely greater than that of the soil, but little is known about the reactivity of herbicides with func tional groups in decayed plant material.... In PAGE 63: ...Table3 . Freundlich parameters describing fluometuron sorp tion in rye.... In PAGE 67: ...21%and 20%GRCafter planting April 14, 1993 and April 10, 1994. Soybeans Prairie Winter VCC development in the soybean treatments was slow and very similar to corn until February, and then increased dramatically from March through April, reaching 67% VCC in continuous NT beans and 86% VCC in MT wheat in April 1993, and 91 and 99% VCC in April 1994, respectively, ( Table3 ). The RT1 corn followed by RT2 soy- beans showed less VCC cover than continuous RT2 and NT soybean March 8, 1993and April 12, 1993, and Feb.... In PAGE 68: ...g. Exp. Sta., 1978). Early crop stage development will be noted during GRC and VC data collection. Table3 . Effect of soybean rotation and tillage on winter vegetation canopy cover and ground residue cover on a Vaiden silty clay from October 1992 through May 1994 at the MAFES Prairie Research Unit, Prairie, MS.... In PAGE 71: ...six studies were conducted in old pasture sites ( Table3 ). All of the NT plots were infested to some degree with ber mudagrass and johnsongrass.... In PAGE 71: ... Site selection influence on yield performance of soy- bean tillage trials at NMBES from 1978 to 1987. Site selection of trials Tillage 2-6% Noneroded Eroded slow site site Table3 . Summary of previous cropping history influence on soybean tillage trials conducted at the NMBES from 1978 to 1987.... In PAGE 76: ... Under dryland conditions, a significant pre-plant tillage-by-year interaction was found on the silt loam soil but no interaction was measured on the silty clay. Three-year average economic returns for each treatment combination are presented in Table3 . Production costs gener ally increase as tillage inputs increase.... In PAGE 76: ... On a silt loam soil, pre-plant tillage usually was the most profitable practice, (Table 4). In 1993, an extremely dry year, one trip with a disk and Do-All increased profits dramatical based on 3 Table3 . Economic -year average yield esti mated for various tillage regimes for soybeans.... In PAGE 80: ...Table3 . Amount and source of water collected 4 months from sprayed on the field from one 2-week period to the next.... In PAGE 80: ...22 17 24 *See code identity in Table 2. **Amounts = total water received ( Table3 ); concentrations determined from rain gauges. Table 5.... In PAGE 81: ... Dairies, such as AL and SHI, reused lagoon and pond water for cleaning dairy facili ties, which is the likely reason for higher levels of N in sam ples from these locations (Table 5). Based on the total effluent applied to sprayfields ( Table3 ) N estimates based on pond and lagoon effluent analysis were made (Tables 6, 7 and 8). Again, the results were extremely site-specific and compared somewhat favorably with field measurements for some dairies but not so well for others (Table 4).... In PAGE 81: ...iltered effluent ranged from 0.7 lb/acre-inch to 5.9 lb/acre inch (Table 5) and was 9% to 69% of unfiltered P (Table 5), indicating high levels of solids in the effluent. Based on effluent applied ( Table3 ), estimated P applied based on lagoon and pond analysis (Table 4) by some dairies would have been as much as 111 lb P/acre in a 4-month peri od.If 70% of this unfiltered P were available to growing crops (Killorn, 1993) then some dairies still applied slightly more P than typical forage crops would have required (Table 1) (Mitchell and Gallaher, 1979; Gallaher, et al.... In PAGE 81: ...05 16 5 *See code identity in Table 2. ** Amounts = Total water applications ( Table3 ) - concentrations deter mined in storage ponds. Table 7.... In PAGE 85: ... This response pattern is due in part to a greater poten tial for N losses between manure application and corn planting. Profile soil nitrate levels were generally higher where fer tilizer N was used, especially under chisel plow soil manage ment in experiment I ( Table3 ). Prior spring manure applications did not raise soil nitrate levels at this time.... In PAGE 85: ...3b *Meanswithina sub-column followedby the sameletter are not significantly different at the 90% level of confidence by the LSD method. Table3 . Soil profile (0 to 3 ft) nitrate prior to, and after, the 1993 growing season.... In PAGE 85: ...3a *Means within a sub-column followed by the same letter are not signifi cantly different at the 90% level of confidence by the LSD method. greater where fertilizer N was used, again especially after chisel plowing ( Table3 ). Spring manure applicationsraised soil profile nitrate levels only when no fertilizer N was used.... In PAGE 85: ... This occurred despite the fact that much more manure N was applied. Spring manure applica tion also increased soil profile nitrate in experiment 11, but fall manure application did not ( Table3 ). Profile nitrate was generally greater after corn harvest than prior to corn plant ing.... In PAGE 85: ... The fraction of fertilizer and manure N ac counted for in these changes in soil profile nitrate was gener ally small (less than 10%). Apparent losses of nitrate from the soil profile between November 1993 and April 19994were between 1 and 29 lb N/A in experiment I ( Table3 ). In experiment11, plots receiv ing fall manure in November, 1993(Table 1) evidenced gains of 12-14 lb N/A in profile nitrate over this period.... In PAGE 86: ... Ex cept for the first period, fertilizer N generally raised water nitrate concentrations more than manure application. This observation supports a similar trend reported for profile soil nitrate levels ( Table3 , above). Leachate nitrate concentra tions tended to be lowest in the second period (Table 4), when the crop was most actively utilizing N.... In PAGE 86: ... greater water and nitrogen use by the growing crop. In experiment I, nitrate leaching losses measured in water collected during periods 3 and 4 were generally greater than losses apparent due to changes in profile soil nitrate over the sameperiod ( Table3 ). This suggeststhat some miner alization was generally occurring over the winter months.... In PAGE 94: ... Likewise, in the soybean study, both rye and vetch cover crops enhanced soil bacterial populations and microbial biomass. Table3 . Bacterial populations of cover crop residues compared to underlying soils (at planting).... In PAGE 100: ... Monthly rainfall totals are shown in Table 2 for the two growing seasons. Cotton Yields Long-term no-tillage cotton following wheat cover yield ed 53% greater than long-term conventional tillage in 1993 ( Table3 ). Yields of first-year no-tillage treatments equalled conventional, regardless of cover crop or rotation.... In PAGE 100: ...84 0.37 Table3 . Yield of DES 119 cotton as influenced by tillage and rotation, 1993 and 1994.... ..."

"... In PAGE 19: ... Plants: Sixteen species (Achy, Asla, Assp, Brsp, Cabo, Cacl, Chcm, Erci, Luod, Magl, Mibi, Opba, Plov, Scsp, Spam, Stex; Appendix 1) were collected here. As compared to the chemistry (dry weight) of plants collected for the entire region (Table 3), geometric mean values for the Goldstone plants as a whole ( Table10 ) are slightly more enriched (1.3 C2C02.... In PAGE 19: ...3 C2C02.0 C2 ) in nine elements (Ca, Ce, Cs, Mo, Na, Rb, Sr, U, and W) (Plant/plant column, Table10 ). A comparison of geometric mean values for dry weight data for Goldstone plants (Table 10) (multiplied by 10) with those of soils from this study area (Table 9) suggests that, for elements determined in both media, plant material is relatively enriched (2.... In PAGE 19: ...1.3 C2C02.0 C2 ) in nine elements (Ca, Ce, Cs, Mo, Na, Rb, Sr, U, and W) (Plant/plant column, Table 10). A comparison of geometric mean values for dry weight data for Goldstone plants ( Table10 ) (multiplied by 10) with those of soils from this study area (Table 9) suggests that, for elements determined in both media, plant material is relatively enriched (2.1 C2C065 C2 ) in seven elements (Ca, Cd, K, Mo, Sr, Zn, and possibly Au; Plant/ soil column, Table 10).... In PAGE 19: ... A comparison of geometric mean values for dry weight data for Goldstone plants (Table 10) (multiplied by 10) with those of soils from this study area (Table 9) suggests that, for elements determined in both media, plant material is relatively enriched (2.1 C2C065 C2 ) in seven elements (Ca, Cd, K, Mo, Sr, Zn, and possibly Au; Plant/ soil column, Table10 ). Concentrations of other elements are significantly lower in plants than in local soils.... In PAGE 43: ....3.2. Plants Most elements were present in plants from the Goldstone area in concentrations exceeding C242 C2 their local geometric mean values ( Table10 ), with the highest enrichment values (7.9 C2C024 C2 ) for As, Au, Mo, Rb, and W (see bolded maximum concentrations, Table 10), which are mostly elements associated with the local mineral deposits.... In PAGE 43: ....3.2. Plants Most elements were present in plants from the Goldstone area in concentrations exceeding C242 C2 their local geometric mean values (Table 10), with the highest enrichment values (7.9 C2C024 C2 ) for As, Au, Mo, Rb, and W (see bolded maximum concentrations, Table10 ), which are mostly elements associated with the local mineral deposits. Samples with high concentrations are mostly found in and north of the Goldstone mining district.... ..."

"... In PAGE 19: ....2.3. Goldstone Study Area Soils: Geometric mean values for elements analysed in soil samples collected in the Goldstone area ( Table9 ) were compared to those in the regional data set for soils (Table 2). For elements determined in both data sets, these comparisons suggest that samples of soil collected locally are slightly enriched (1.... In PAGE 19: ...2 C2C01.6 C2 )( Table9 ) in Be, Ca, Cu, Sc, Sr, V, and possibly Rb and Ta, the latter two of which have very small numbers of unqualified analyses. High concentration levels of these elements are natural and a result of lithologic differences between this area and others included in this study.... In PAGE 19: ...1.3 C2C02.0 C2 ) in nine elements (Ca, Ce, Cs, Mo, Na, Rb, Sr, U, and W) (Plant/plant column, Table 10). A comparison of geometric mean values for dry weight data for Goldstone plants (Table 10) (multiplied by 10) with those of soils from this study area ( Table9 ) suggests that, for elements determined in both media, plant material is relatively enriched (2.1 C2C065 C2 ) in seven elements (Ca, Cd, K, Mo, Sr, Zn, and possibly Au; Plant/ soil column, Table 10).... In PAGE 43: ...Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Nb, Ni, Pb, Th, Y; see bolded maximum concentrations, Table9 ). The high values for eight of these elements (Ca, Co, Cr, Mn, Nb, Ni, Th, Y) are natural and are related to the chemistry of local rock units such as carbonate-rich or granitic rocks, or to concentrations of Mn or Fe oxides in B-horizon soils.... ..."

"... In PAGE 12: ... A plow coulter in front of the injection knife cut through plant residues. Results from some of this research are presented in Table5... In PAGE 90: ...ates. Grain yield results (2 yr. avg.) are shown in Table5 and represent mean values averaged across all burndown-plant combinations. The soil water status in the no-cover treatment appeared to limit the yield response to fertilizer N, as grain yield only increased up to the first 100 kg of N.... In PAGE 123: ... Few differences in plant height were recorded at the third sampling date (50% silking) between tillage systems or seed lots at any planting date in 1982 or 1984 (Table 4). There were also few differences in dry weight at 50% silking between tillage systems and seed vigor levels in 1982 and 1984 across the three planting dates ( Table5 ). In 1984when averaged across seed lots the dry weight of TFNT was significantly greater than all other tillage systems at the last two planting dates.... ..."

"... In PAGE 8: ... Because acidity determines the general chemical environment in the soil, soil pH influences the rate of mineralization, nitrification, denitrification and plant uptake. Each of these processes typically proceeds more readily in a neutral or slightly acidic soil than in a strongly acidic soil (Table 5 and Table6 ; Haynes, 1986 a, b, c; Haynes and Sherlock, 1986). In summary, fertilization, irrigation and several other cultural practices also influence the N cycle.... In PAGE 17: ... - Acceleration of the decay of plant tissues, simple carbonaceous compounds and soil organic matter (Alexander, 1977). - Increase in mineralization (Nyborg and Hoyt, 1978) (cf Table6 ). The greater tolerance of mineralization than nitrification to low pH is reflected in the finding that ammonium is generally the dominant form of N in acidic soils while nitrate predominates in nonacidic soils (Haynes and Goh, 1978; Rorison, 1980).... ..."

"... In PAGE 12: ... Producers should consider limiting applicationspast the mid- point in the growing season to facilitate maximum uptake of N resulting from applied poultry litter. Tissue N accumulation ( Table2 ) in grass species with 0-ton/A litter ranged from 38.... In PAGE 12: ... Nitrogen utilization for orchardgrass was slightly greater at the 8-ton/A (60.9%) than for the 4-ton/A Table2 . Seasonal nitrogen removal by grass species fertilized with variable rates of poultry litter.... In PAGE 16: ....007.63 a ~ ~ ~~~ *Numbers in the same column and category followed with the same letter are not significantly different at the 5% level. Table2 . Summary of the cotton management practices by year.... In PAGE 19: ... No charge was issued for land, overhead labor, other over- head, crop insurance, real estate taxes, and management. Results and Discussion Grain yields for the study are shown in Table2 . These par ticular crop rotations were selected for the alternation of host crop for soilborneplant pathogens, weed spectrum easily con- trolled by available herbicides, and economic potential.... In PAGE 20: ...------ Table2 . Grain yield for the 11 cropping systems.... In PAGE 23: ...5 cm size applied to the Agronomy farm vegetables. Table2 . Compost treatment and field corn forage yield from use of yard waste compost (YWC) on Haufler farm research plots for 1992, 1993, and 1994.... In PAGE 23: ...8 Mglha to 11.2 Mglha (based on 30% dry matter silage)depending upon the experiment ( Table2 ).In creased yield was positively correlated with the increased soil organic matter, improved soil fertility conditions, and greatly increased soil water storage capacity.... In PAGE 27: ... Herbicide treatment resulted in greater leaf and total plant yield compared to the check. The leaf to stem dry matter ra tio indicated that the supplementalN was required in greater quantities for leaf dry matter production compared to the stem ( Table2 ). This would be expected since the stem would de velop first during plant growth and development and would have had access to an assumed sufficient level of fertilizer N prior to the excess rainfall/irrigation time.... In PAGE 27: ...le 3). This relationship held true for the total plant as well. Consistently greater amounts of N was removed by tobacco parts and total plant from the herbicide-treated plots com pared to the control (Table 3). Table2 . No-tillage tobacco plant dry matter yield from weed control and supplemental N treatments, Florida 1994.... In PAGE 30: ...05; ns = not significant. Table2 . Effects of tillage and lime rate on population densities of root-knot nematodes (Meldogyne incognita)at planting and harvest of soybeans.... In PAGE 38: ...25% v/v. Table2 . Tall fescue, giant foxtail, and smooth pigweed control over a 4-year period with Atrazine 4L at 2 qt/A and Gramox one Extra 2.... In PAGE 38: ... Many growers in Kentucky have used only atrazine and Gramoxone Extra to kill tall fescue, giant ragweed, and smooth pigweed. Greater than 80%control of all species can be expected ( Table2 ). A combination of atrazine, Princep, and Gramoxone Extra controlled these species similar to atra zine plus Gramoxone Extra (Table 3).... In PAGE 44: ... Results St. Joseph Grain yields ranged from 34 to 86 bu/acre in 1993 (Table 1) and from 83 to 178 bu/acre in 1994 ( Table2 ). More time ly rainfall probably accounted for the higher grain yields in 1994.... In PAGE 44: ... In 1994, the only year tillage treatments were evaluated at St. Joseph, grain yield did not differ between tillage treat ments ( Table2 ). As a result of delayed seedbed preparation due to wet soil conditions, the CT treatment was planted ap- Table 1.... In PAGE 44: ....S. = nonsignificant at the 0.05 probability level. Table2 . Influence of tillage, cover crop, and N rate on corn grain yield, plants per acre (PPA), ears per acre (EPA), kernel weight, and kernels per ear on Sharkey clay at St.... In PAGE 45: ... In 1994, corn growth was severely reduced by the wheat cover crop treatments regardless of tillage treatment. Grain yield following wheat was decreased about 35% compared to the other cover crops ( Table2 ). Although plant popula tions were decreased following wheat, this would not account for the large difference in grain yield among cover crop treat ments.... In PAGE 52: ...evels. Moody et al. also reported lower soil temperatures and a higher rate of growth and yield for corn when planted into mulched plots. In 1994 of this study, crimson clover and hairy vetch produced significantly higher dry matter yields than rye or native weeds ( Table2 ). High legume DM yields could decrease the need for commercial N fertilizers in sweet- potato production.... In PAGE 52: ...05). Table2 . Cover crop dry matter yield, 1993-1994.... In PAGE 55: ... Ample rainfall resulted in good corn and soybean yield at both locations. Wheat Wheat yields for 1993-1994 are presented in Table2 . A late spring freeze in 1993 resulted in cold injury to seed heads and low yields on both sites.... In PAGE 55: ...11 inches. Table2 . Effect of tillage and rotation on wheat yield in a soybean-wheat doublecropping system in 1993-1994, at the Northeast Branch Station, Verona, MS, and at the Prairie Research Unit, Prairie, MS Wheat 1993 1994 Avg.... In PAGE 58: ... Ryegrass sown in sod was not grazable until March of each year, regardless of N rate. In the second crop year, very little growth occurred until late February and early March because of an extremely dry summer and fall (Figure 1, Table2 ). Total ryegrass yields in tilled plots were 1.... In PAGE 59: ... The below-normal rain- fall during May through October 1993 apparently depleted the soil of moisture, which impacted fall 1993 growth of ryegrass until early 1994. Even the tilled plots in 1993 had Table2 . Ryegrass yield as affected by seedbed and N rate, insufficient fall growth to utilize.... In PAGE 62: ... The Kf values for soils from both tillage systems also increased with shaking time, supporting the previous kinetic data. Sorp tion was nonlinear (n-l lt;l), and the exponent parameter was similar for both soils and all shaking times ( Table2 ). Non- linear characteristics indicate that sorption decreased as ini tial herbicide concentration increased.... In PAGE 62: ..., 1995), and structural components of microbes may have strong sorptive capabilities. Cell components (lipids, proteins, soluble sugars, and poly- Table2 . Freundlich parameter coefficients characterizing the effects of tillage on fluometuron sorption at selected equilibra tion times.... In PAGE 66: ... Verona. Winter VCC on the Leeper was similar to the Vaiden site ( Table2 ). However, the MTBd wheat with doublecrop NT soybeans followed by NT corn in a rotation had 31% VCC on March 11, 1993 and, because of volunteer wheat from the previous wheat crop, had more VCC than all other stale seedbed systems.... In PAGE 67: ... This was in comparison to 11 and 17% VCC for the RTl corn followed byRT2 soybean rotation on April 19, 1993and April 20, 1994. The rotation RT1 corn followed by RT2 soybeans GRC was higher (less corn residue decomposition) than con tinuous NT and RT2 soybeans in April of 1993 and 1994, Table2 . Effect of corn rotation and tillage on winter vegetation canopy cover and ground residue cover on a Leeper silty clay soil from October 1992 through May 1994 at the MAFES Northeast Branch Station, Verona, MS.... In PAGE 70: ... Thirty-eight percent of the studies were documented as having weedy or grassy NT plots that proba bly further contributed to lower yields. When site selection was considered ( Table2 ), the studies conductedon the steeper slopes (6-12%)experienced a higher reduction in NT yields, 44 %,than the flatter slopes (2-6 %), 29 %,compared with CT. When previous erosion was a fac tor, the studies conducted on sites that were moderate to sever ly eroded had a higher reduction in NT yields, 32 %, when compared to CT than the noneroded or slightly eroded sites, 24% when compared to CT.... In PAGE 71: ... The rotation of an effective herbicide pro- gram for weed control is essential to maintaining long-term NT soybean production. Table2 . Site selection influence on yield performance of soy- bean tillage trials at NMBES from 1978 to 1987.... In PAGE 73: ... Results General Yields were taken for the winter wheat crop of 1993-1994 and the soybean crop of 1994 (Table 1). Soil cone indices shown below were from the spring soybean and fall wheat crops of 1994 ( Table2 ). Please, note for the sake of termi nology, that spring tillage and fall tillage are deep-tillage treat ments.... In PAGE 73: ... This could be at least partly a result of the 1.1- atm lower cone indices meas ured in nondisked treatments ( Table2 ). A trend is notice- able among the deep-tillagetreatments.... In PAGE 73: ... Cone Index (Spring 1994 and Fall 1994) Mean profile soil cone indices are 1.1 atm higher for disked than for nondisked treatments for measurements taken at soy- bean planting ( Table2 ). Disked treatment cone indices were also higher but not significantly different for the measure ments taken at wheat planting.... In PAGE 74: ... Nondeep-tilled treatmentshad 4- to 10-atm highercone in- dices than deep-tilled treatments. This was true for both wheat and soybean planting ( Table2 ). This difference can be seen in Figure 1 by the loosened zones of deep disruption for the deep-tilled treatments and higher, more uniform cone indices across the profiles of the treatments not deep tilled.... In PAGE 74: ... (1986) similarly reported pan reformation over winter, especially in treatments with surface tillage. Mean profile cone indices were higher for the fall deep tillage than the spring or both spring and fall deep tillage ( Table2 ). Neverthe less, even in this treatment the subsoiled zone (contours not shown) was still evident.... In PAGE 75: ... The addition of a compo nent is then calculated by averaging over all treatments where one tillage component is added to the system. Results and Discussion Yield results obtained from the duration of the study are presented in Table2... In PAGE 76: ... These data strongly suggest that shal low pre-plant and post-plant tillage does not improve crop yields on clay soils. Shallow tillage operations may be desira- Table2 . Pre- and post-plant tillage effects on soybean grain yield on Sharkey and Loring-Calloway-Henry soils.... In PAGE 79: ..., 1989). Wastewaters from nine dairy spray fields with overhead sprin kler or gun irrigation facilities were collected biweekly from early September 1992 to January 1993 ( Table2 ). Dairy wastewater was soil-surface applied in sprayfields for all dairies in the study.... In PAGE 79: ... Large volume rain gauges were placed in two locations of each sprayfield for replicat ed samples. Concentrated H2S04was added to the rain gauges to ensure no losses of N received from the effluent that was Table2 . Characteristics of seven Florida dairies, nine sprayfields, and manure handling, irrigation, and multiple cropping systems.... In PAGE 81: ... Nitrogen available in a period for crop utili zation based on the N and P in filtered samples from samples collected in sprayfields and from pond analysis. N P Dairy Field Pond Average Field Pond Average Gw* 51 52 52 40 18 29 GE 103 39 71 68 13 41 76 64 70 78 26 52 BC 30 26 28 8 21 KB 33 39 36 8 2 5 AL 48 26 37 24 4 14 WH 26 24 25 13 10 12 SHI 35 15 25 27 2 SHN 13 14 14 17 4 12 *See code identity in Table2 . Nitrogen availability is based on an expected 75% losses due to volatilization and denitrification because the effluent was placed on the soil surface.... In PAGE 85: ... The available N from the manure, calculated as half of that applied, was also greater than the highest fertilizer N rate, except for the December, 1992 application (Table 1). Corn grain yields were generally quite good, but were un affected by tillage in experiment I ( Table2 ). Grain N removal was similarly unaffected.... In PAGE 85: ... Grain N removal was similarly unaffected. There was an interaction between manure and fertilizer N use on corn grain yield and N removal in experiment I ( Table2 ). The spring manure application se verely diminished the positive grain yield and N removal responses to fertilizer N.... In PAGE 85: ... Grain removal of manure N was similarly affected by the use of fertilizer N. In experiment II, there was a strong interaction between times of manure application ( Table2 ). While the fall manure application raised both grain yield and N removal in relation to the unamended control, spring manure application result ed in greater yield and N removal.... In PAGE 85: ... This was not the case for the more recent fall manure applications evaluated in experimentII, where mineralizationresulted in greater soil nitrate in the spring of 1993 (Table 3). After corn harvest, soil profile nitrate was still generally Table2 . Corn grain yields and nitrogen removal in 1993.... In PAGE 90: ... Tillage had no effect on Lacassine yield, but yield was significantly lower than the other varieties. Results from 1994 are presented in Table2 . Maturity response due to tillage, variety, and fer tilizer was similar to that measured in 1993.... In PAGE 90: ... Tillage had no effect and increasing rate of N had a small influence. Matu rity of varieties over all tillage and N rates was significantly Table2 . Influence of tillage and N rate on performance and grain yield of drill-seeded rice varieties.... In PAGE 93: ... Increased total soil bacterial populationswere specifically due to the proliferation of Gram- negative bacteria, such as fluorescent pseudomonads. In the soybean cover crop study, both rye and vetch cover crops stimulated soil bacterial populations in the surface soil (0-2 cm) ( Table2 ). However, the effect of cover crop was significant only for the first 3 weeks after planting.... In PAGE 93: ... Bacterial populations in cover crop residues were 50- to 1,000-fold greater than in the underlying soils in all samples taken from both the cotton and soybean studies (Ta ble 3, only data at planting are shown). In the soybean study, surface soils from VC and RC plots exhibited significantly greater microbial biomass than did those from BG plots ( Table2 ). Soils from VC plots initially had the greatest microbial biomass; however, the soils in RC maintained higher levels of microbial biomass than did soils in BG plots in later samplings.... In PAGE 94: ...Table2 . Effect of rye and vetch cover crops on microbial populations and microbial biomass of a Dundee silt loam (0-2 cm), soybean study, 1994.... In PAGE 100: ... In both phases of our study, first-year no-tillage cotton yields were either equal to or less than con ventional yields and at least 2 years of no-tillage were re quired for yield differences to become strongly evident. Lack of immediate response to no-tillage implies that phys- Table2 . Growing season rainfall at the study site, inches/month.... In PAGE 107: ... End of season plant mapping indicated that the delay in flowering was partially caused by the first sympodial branches being higher on the mainstem for the cot- ton grown in the rye mulch (data not shown). Cotton yield did not differ between nondisked and disked treatments following winter fallow ( Table2 ). This result is in contrast to the first 2 years after plot establishment where the nondisked treatment yielded less than the disked treat- Table 2.... In PAGE 107: ... Cotton yield did not differ between nondisked and disked treatments following winter fallow (Table 2). This result is in contrast to the first 2 years after plot establishment where the nondisked treatment yielded less than the disked treat- Table2 . Effect of cover crops and tillage on cotton lint yield.... In PAGE 108: ... ment (Bauer and Busscher, 1993). Following rye, the disked plots had greater yield than the nondisked ( Table2 ), which was partly caused by poorer stands in the nondisked plots (plant stands following rye were 1.3 and 2.... In PAGE 113: ...Table2 . Percent .... In PAGE 115: ... Postemergence hooded or directed applications were first made on June 7. All applications were made according to cot- ton growth stages ( Table2 ). Cotton stage was 2- to 4-leaf, 2- to 4-inches tall.... In PAGE 115: ....0 Ib ai/A prometryn plus 2.0 lb ai/A MSMA were applied through post-directed nozzles. Table2 . Preemergenceand postemergence treatments for weed control in no-till cotton.... ..."

"... In PAGE 10: ... Foremost is knowing that reduced tillage in- creases the potential for slug damage, while incorporating some of the crop residues will limit slugs apos; ability to cause economic damage. Obviously, this presents a problem for Table1 . Average number of slugs per trap for interac tion between tillage and previous crop in 1984 and 1985.... In PAGE 21: ... nigrifrons. Table1 . Adult survival of and oviposilion by G.... In PAGE 24: ...9 X and 1.9 X higher, respectively, under vetch-corn double cropping than under the vetch-grain sor ghum double cropping system ( Table1 ). Meloidogyne in cognita or P.... In PAGE 24: ... Paratrichodorus minor did not re spond to any of the systems tested. A significant response in the population densities of two Table1 . Soil or root population densities of four nematode species averaged over 4 years following a vetch-corn or vetch-sorghum cropping system each grown in no-tillage or conventional tillage with or without subsoiling.... In PAGE 27: ... and grasshoppers were mostly Melanoplus spp. Very few Table1 . Effect of insect control at planting with carbofuran in insect populations in ladino clover interseeded into tall fescue sod.... In PAGE 28: ... = 0.02) and aphid (F = 96.71. P lt; 0.01) densities with leafhoppers being most abundant in the 9 October planting and aphids being most abundant during the 1 November planting ( Table1 ). Grasshoppers were collected in low num ber only during the first fall planting.... In PAGE 29: ...ent: a break through in technology. Crops Soil Mag. (Nov.):13-15. Successes With No-Till Cotton John F. Bradley1 Introduction Table1 . No-tillage vs conventional tillage cotton lint Eight years of research with no-till cotton at the University yields across variety trials planted into standing wheat or of Tennessee Milan Experiment Station have proven that rye.... In PAGE 31: ... Yield responses among tillage systems varied with locations Brewton. In-row subsoiling regardless of previous tillage 24 Table1 . Rye forage yields as affected by tillage prior to planting rye and in-row subsoiling for the previous sum mer cotton crop.... In PAGE 33: ... The crop rotation plan is show in Table 1. Table1 . A four-year rotation plan for determining quantitative effects of tillage and cropping system on yield of irrigated and unirrigated corn and soybean.... In PAGE 35: ... However, data from the past several years indicate responses to various N-P combinations when applied to early planted corn regardless of soil test levels (Wright, 1987). Table1 . Starter placement influence on plant height of no-tilled corn (Quincy).... In PAGE 35: ...5 The efficiency of starter fertilizer on early plant growth may be determined as much by the location of the placement as any other factor. Table1 data shows that any close place ment, even after a broadcast fertilizer application, is better than no starter fertilizer for early season vigor. This early growth may help the plant grow through insect damage, shade weeds and allow for earlier cultivation and sidedres sing of N.... In PAGE 37: ...Table1 . The Timing of Machinery Operations for Six Tillage/Cover Crop Treatments in Louisiana.... In PAGE 41: ...ighest rate of CF 2.0. The CF 1.0, TF 2.0, and C did not Table1 . Corn graln yield response to tillage and pesticides (three year average).... In PAGE 44: ... Results and Discussion Grain and whole plant yields at both locations were signi ficantly affected by the single effects of cultivar and N rate. The three way interaction of cultivar x N rate x K-Mg level Table1 . Grain and whole plant yields of corn cultivars as affected by sidedressed N rate and K-Mg for location 1.... In PAGE 48: ...034X for grain, and y dry matter yield (lb A-1) 2315 0.144X for plant dry Table1 . Yield variable of August plantedcornaffectedby plant population (Two location average in 1987 at Gainesville, FL.... In PAGE 51: ... The Stare Yield Performance Trial was also a randomized complete block with 4 replications, and its inclusion was for the purpose of economic analysis of an intensive manage ment system compared to a dryland single- and doublecrop system. Results and Discussion Comparisons of grain yields of Pioneer X-304C for all four years are shown in Table1 and days of planting. tassel ing and harvest can be related to air temperature and rainfall data in Figures I.... In PAGE 52: ...Table1 . No-till tropical corn yields with moderate ener gy inputs at Quincy, FL for Pioneer X-304C in 1985, 1986, 1987, and 1988.... In PAGE 54: ...Table1 . Schematic of field surface-residue/tillageopera tions for FIELD #1 for 1983, 84, and 85.... In PAGE 56: ... These data suggest that Classic could be used alone to achieve excellent preplant burndown of pitted morningglory, and would be more effective than Bladex alone. Table1 . Preplant burndown control of pitted morninggloryby Bladex and Classic.... In PAGE 59: ... Results and Discussion No interactions occurred in this experiment. Highest yields of rye WPDM were obtained when 105 lb NA-1were applied ( Table1 ) during the 85-86, 86-87, and CC avg. Response to N increased linearly up to the 105 lb A fertilizer rate and then decreased at the highest N rate (I40 lb A -1).... In PAGE 59: ... A response of rye GY2 to the application of 80 lb K A -1was observed for the 85-86 and the CC avg (FPLSD 0.05) ( Table1 ).A trend of an analogous behaviour was observed during the 86-87 CC.... In PAGE 60: ...Table1 . Rye and soybean yield variables as affected by N and K fertilization.... In PAGE 62: ...urfactant at 0.5 lb ai/acre + 0.25% v/v was applied in early July and August for summer annual broadleaf weed control. Table1 . Wheat cultivars and planting dates at the Pon totoc Branch Experiment Station, 1985-87.... In PAGE 62: ... Year Planting Dates Cultivar 1985 Oct. 18 Nov 6 Nov 20 Florida302 1986 Oct 17 Nov 1 Nov 17 Pioneer 2551 1987 Oct 25 Nov 3 Nov 16 Florida302 Each year three wheat plantings ( Table1 ) were made on about 15 October, 1 November, and 15 November. All 8-in.... In PAGE 64: ... were also measured. Results and Discussion Crimson clover dry matter production and N concentration just prior to corn planting in 1988 are shown in Table1 . Dry matter yields and N concentration were unaffected by N rate, however, cover crop management did have a significant effect on both parameters (p gt;.... In PAGE 64: ... In contrast, the direct-seeded treatment averaged only 26% of the biomass produced in the reseeding treatments. The fall of 1987 was very dry after planting the direct-seeded treat- Table1 . Dry matter production and N concentration of crimson clover as affected by N rate and clover management in 1988.... In PAGE 69: ...ble to be harvested in Dec. and Feb. while ryegrass seeded into bermudagrass sod could not be harvested until March (2). Table1 . Soil fertility levels of no-till and clean till experiments.... In PAGE 72: ...Table1 . Initial chemical propertiesof the Dothan fine san dy loam and Benndale fine sandy loam soils receiving annual rates of phosphogypsum.... In PAGE 74: ...5% moisture for grain yield determination. Results Dry matter and N content of cover crops at burndown are listed in Table1 . Nitrogen content of clove and rye ranged from 99 to 156, and from 28 to 52 lb/acre, respectively.... In PAGE 74: ...nd from 9.7 to 15.6% in rye. Table1 . Dry matter production and N content of cover corps at burndown, 7-10 days prior to planting corn.... In PAGE 77: ... Less P and Mg accrued in the plant for both them legume and grass species, with little differences among spe cies. Table1 . Biomass yield and nutrient accrument by selected cover crops.... In PAGE 80: ...eason. The corn was not imgated. As with any data col lected during the single growing season, extreme care should be exercised when these date are used to make major man agement decisions. Results As a result of the extremely dry growing season, corn grain yields ( Table1 ) were 30 to 40 bu/acre lower that normally expected for the Sand Mountain region. There was, however, a strong relationship between yield and treatments.... In PAGE 80: ... Yields with the other treatments ranged between 69 and 73 bu/acre. Lower yield with than without tillage is not uncommon in the Table1 . Tillage effects on yield of corn following grazed and nongrazed rye.... In PAGE 83: ... Results and Discussion Clay content influenced the total nitrogen and C/N ratio of plant biomass inputs. A higher total nitrogen wasobserved in the lower clay content with an inverse relationship seen in the C/N ratio ( Table1 ). The total carbon remained constant across varying clay content (Table 1 ).... In PAGE 83: ... A higher total nitrogen wasobserved in the lower clay content with an inverse relationship seen in the C/N ratio (Table 1). The total carbon remained constant across varying clay content ( Table1 ). Table 1.... In PAGE 86: ... Table1 . Effect of tillage, soil depth, cropping system Table 2.... In PAGE 91: ... Relat ing strength to hulk density and water content also depends on texture and organic matter. Making field strength com- Table1 . Mean profile soil strengths for disked and mini- mum tillage plots subsoiled with the Superseeder (SS), Paratill (PT),and Kelly (KE).... ..."