"... In PAGE 3: ...1, we consider camera- works from two points of view: which target we want to shoot, and which aspect-of-target we want to focus. TABLE3 shows the category of targets that we prepared... ..."

"... In PAGE 2: ... Second, it helps to provide a further understanding of another type of category learning, inference learning. We used a common category structure, family resemblance, as shown in Table1 . In this structure, the prototype is chosen and the learning items from that category consist of items that are similar to the prototype, though they may be different from one another.... In PAGE 2: ... The categories learned were fictional bugs . The manipulation of diagnosticity as a function of prototype overlap can be seen in Table1 . The target category is the one on the left, the Deegers (prototype 11111, indicating a particular set of values for each of the five binary dimensions).... In PAGE 2: ... Each subject learned two categories, the target category (Deegers) and one of the two non-target categories (either Koozles or Lokads). The abstract structures for the three categories can be found in Table1 . Each of the non-target category prototypes overlapped with the target category prototype on two features.... ..."

"... In PAGE 3: ... Smelts were removed from the quot;other species quot; group and moved to the forage fish group beginning in 1999 as a result of fishery management plan (FMP) amendments 36 and 39 to the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska groundfish FMPs. Individual other species known or suspected to occur in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands are listed in Table14 - 1. The species list was compiled from AFSC survey and fishery observer catch records, and is considered more comprehensive and up-to-date for the region than the general literature (Hart, 1973; Eschmeyer et al.... In PAGE 5: ... Maximum age reported for the longnose skate was 13 years, although there are many difficulties with ageing skates (Zeiner and Wolf, 1993). Little information is available on reproductive frequency in skate species, or on any Bathyraja species life history, but Table14 - 2 lists our best information on life history for all species in Alaska. Although little specific life history information exists for most skate species, they are generally thought to have limited reproductive capacity, and thus be vulnerable to overfishing (Sosebee, 1998).... In PAGE 7: ... FISHERY INFORMATION There is currently little directed fishing for species in this category in Alaska. Squid and other species are taken incidentally in target fisheries for groundfish, and aggregate catches of squid species (Table 14- 3) and the other species complex ( Table14 - 4) are tracked inseason by the Alaska Regional Office. Catch estimates by species group Because annual other species catches are reported in aggregate, catches by species group or individual species must be estimated using data reported by fishery observers.... In PAGE 7: ... The ratio of observed other species group catch to observed target species catch was multiplied by the blend-estimated target species catch within that area, gear, and target fishery. Total annual catch by species group has been relatively stable between 1997-2000 ( Table14 - 5). Estimated annual species group catches are reported by target, gear, and area in Tables 14- 6 through 14- 9 for 1997-2000.... In PAGE 8: ... Catch history for BSAI Squid and Other Species Squid are generally taken incidentally in target fisheries for pollock but have been the target of Japanese and Republic of Korea trawl fisheries in the past. Reported catches since 1977 are shown in Table14 - 3. After reaching 9,000 mt in 1978, total squid catches have steadily declined to only a few hundred tons in 1987-95.... In PAGE 8: ... In 1973-76 catches declined to a range of 33,000-70,000 mt annually as total catches of groundfish also declined. Catches of quot;other species quot; were relatively high from 1977-1981 (43,000-73,000 mt), but thereafter declined to a range of 5,000-13,000 mt in 1984-89 despite increased catches of total groundfish ( Table14 - 4). Part of the reason may be incomplete reporting of domestic catches before 1990.... In PAGE 9: ... It is clear that the AFSC bottom trawl surveys greatly underestimate squid abundance. Data from AFSC surveys provide the only abundance estimates for the various groups and species comprising the quot;other species quot; category ( Table14 - 10). Biomass estimates for the eastern Bering Sea are from a standard survey area of the continental shelf.... In PAGE 9: ... Stations as deep as 900 m were sampled in the 1980, 1983 and 1986 Aleutian Islands bottom trawl surveys, while surveys in 1991 and 1994 obtained samples only to a depth of 500 m. The actual catches made by research vessels are shown in Table14 - 11. Biomass estimates from AFSC surveys illustrate that sculpins were the major component of the other species complex until 1986, after which the biomass of skates exceeded that of sculpins.... In PAGE 9: ... However, sleeper sharks were the third highest CPUE on this pilot survey, indicating that they can be sampled by bottom trawls. This recent information suggests that it is the location and timing of the EBS trawl survey on the shelf during the summer, and not the use of bottom trawls for sampling which results in the apparently low biomass estimates for sharks in the EBS shelf ( Table14 - 10). Changes in distribution of particular species may also account for some of the biomass fluctuation of a group.... In PAGE 9: ... For instance, a cold water sculpin species, the butterfly sculpin (Hemilepidotus papilio), has been found to intrude into the northern portion of the survey area to a greater extent in some years than others, and accounts for some of the fluctuations in biomass of the sculpin group. Catch relative to biomass based on survey estimates Estimated skate and sculpin bycatch in the BSAI groundfish fisheries has ranged between 1-4% of their respective survey biomass ( Table14... In PAGE 10: ... If this is the case, current (1992-96) bycatch of grenadiers in the BSAI groundfish fisheries represents between 0.5 and 2% of the grenadier biomass in the BSAI region ( Table14 - 10). ANALYTIC APPROACH, MODEL EVALUATION, AND RESULTS Please see 1999 GOA SAFE Appendix E for a description of an experimental modeling approach and its results for GOA other species.... In PAGE 11: ... Several ABC and OFL options are available using the current tier 5 criteria for each species group within the other species category. Within tier 5, ABCs and OFLs are presented which are based on the most recent biomass estimate, the average biomass from the 1990 apos;s, and the average biomass over the entire survey time series for each species group ( Table14 - 13). These alternative ABCs and OFLs reflect our current understanding of the basic biology for each species group while protecting the less productive components of the category.... In PAGE 11: ... Bycatch of squid is reduced by limiting pelagic trawl fishing within relatively small areas of the shelf break; this has already been demonstrated through the indirect effects of closures related to Stellar sea lions. In 1999 and 2000, the pollock fishery was restricted or removed from one area of historically concentrated squid bycatch and squid catch was cut to less than half that observed in 1997-1998 ( Table14 - 1). Another option for bycatch reduction is the use of specialized gear.... In PAGE 18: ...TABLES Table14 - 1. Other species and squids in the Bering Sea-Aleutian Islands, by scientific and common name; compiled from the AFSC survey database RACEBASE.... In PAGE 19: ... Table14 - 1 Continued Scientific name Common name BSAI Other Category Malacocottus zonurus darkfin sculpin Hemilepidotus sp. Irish lord Hemilepidotus gilberti banded Irish lord Hemilepidotus spinosus brown Irish lord Hemilepidotus zapus longfin Irish lord Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus red Irish lord Hemilepidotus jordani yellow Irish lord Hemilepidotus papilio butterfly sculpin Archistes plumarius Triglops sp.... In PAGE 20: ... Table14 - 1 Continued Scientific name Common name BSAI Other Category Paricelinus hopliticus thornback sculpin Cephalopoda unident. cephalopod unident.... In PAGE 21: ... Table14 - 2. Life history information available for BSAI and GOA skate species.... In PAGE 22: ... Table14 - 3. Estimated total (retained and discarded) catches of squid (mt) in the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands by groundfish fisheries, 1977-2001.... In PAGE 23: ... Table14 - 4. Estimated total (retained and discarded) catches of other species (mt) in the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands by groundfish fisheries, 1977-2001.... In PAGE 25: ... Table14 - 6. 1997 BSAI Squid and Other species and grenadier catches (t) by fishery and gear (1=bottom trawl, 2=pelagic trawl, 6=pot, 8=longline).... In PAGE 26: ... Table14 - 7. 1998 BSAI Squid and Other species and grenadier catches (t) by fishery and gear (1=bottom trawl, 2=pelagic trawl, 6=pot, 8=longline).... In PAGE 27: ... Table14 - 8. 1999 BSAI Squid and Other species and grenadier catches (t) by fishery and gear (1=bottom trawl, 2=pelagic trawl, 6=pot, 8=longline).... In PAGE 28: ... Table14 - 9. 2000 BSAI Squid and Other species and grenadier catches (t) by fishery and gear (1=bottom trawl, 2=pelagic trawl, 6=pot, 8=longline).... In PAGE 29: ... Table14 - 10. Estimated biomass (t) of BSAI squid and other species from various AFSC surveys.... In PAGE 30: ... Table14 - 11. Research catches of squid and other species in the BSAI, 1977-1998 (tons).... In PAGE 31: ... Table14 - 12. Published annual natural mortality (M) estimates for other species groups group species estimate reference squid Todarodes pacificus 0.... In PAGE 32: ... Table14 - 13. Potential BSAI ABC and OFL by species group for other species and grenadiers.... ..."

"... In PAGE 15: ... Furthermore, as before, voluntary or compulsory targeted downsizing may be age-biased, skilled-biased or female-biased driven which results in three voluntary targeted downsizing categories and three compulsory targeted downsizing categories (see Table 4). Voluntary targeted results are shown in Table 11 and compulsory targeted results are shown in Table12 . The classic example of voluntary age- biased downsizing is early retirement programs.... In PAGE 15: ... Moreover, the voluntary skill- biased downsizing variable is, as before, positive but it is non-significant.35 On the other hand, Table12 shows results when using compulsory targeted variables. As the name implies, in this category there is no choice element by worker.... ..."

"... In PAGE 8: ... norms but that they would have been valid associates if participants were allowed to give more than one association per cue. In Table3 , we list the percentages of neighbors in WAS of the 100 cues of the Russell and Jenkins norms (only 40 were shown in Table 2) that are valid/invalid associates according to the norms of Nelson et al. and/or the norms of Russell and Jenkins.... In PAGE 32: ... 30 (essentially 0 category length) and that were either drawn from the pool of unused prototype or exemplar words. Table3 summarizes the within subject conditions in this experiment. Thirty-seven participants were assigned to the blocked condition and thirty-four participants to the spaced condition.... In PAGE 33: ... Participants were given 112 test words for which they had to give recognition and similarity judgments as in Experiment 1. Table3 lists the 18 conditions that were tested and the number of words that were tested per condition. For the testing phase, the exemplar words from the target conditions were always sampled from the first two exemplars from the list of Appendix B (these were also always sampled for the study list).... ..."

"... In PAGE 8: ... norms but that they would have been valid associates if participants were allowed to give more than one association per cue. In Table3 , we list the percentages of neighbors in WAS of the 100 cues of the Russell and Jenkins norms (only 40 were shown in Table 2) that are valid/invalid associates according to the norms of Nelson et al. and/or the norms of Russell and Jenkins.... In PAGE 32: ... 30 (essentially 0 category length) and that were either drawn from the pool of unused prototype or exemplar words. Table3 summarizes the within subject conditions in this experiment. Thirty-seven participants were assigned to the blocked condition and thirty-four participants to the spaced condition.... In PAGE 33: ... Participants were given 112 test words for which they had to give recognition and similarity judgments as in Experiment 1. Table3 lists the 18 conditions that were tested and the number of words that were tested per condition. For the testing phase, the exemplar words from the target conditions were always sampled from the first two exemplars from the list of Appendix B (these were also always sampled for the study list).... ..."

"... In PAGE 22: ...Table 5: Distribution of message categories For our target boards, the distribution of messages inside these categories is illustrated in Table5 . These gures were derived by a hand classi cation of the tra c { a tiresome and time-consuming task.... ..."

"... In PAGE 3: ... Smelts were removed from the quot;other species quot; group and moved to the forage fish group beginning in 1999 as a result of fishery management plan (FMP) amendments 36 and 39 to the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska groundfish FMPs. Individual other species known or suspected to occur in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands are listed in Table15 - 1. The species list was compiled from AFSC survey and fishery observer catch records, and is considered more comprehensive and up-to-date for the region than the general literature (Hart, 1973; Eschmeyer et al.... In PAGE 5: ... Maximum age reported for the longnose skate was 13 years, although there are many difficulties with ageing skates (Zeiner and Wolf, 1993). Little information is available on reproductive frequency in skate species, or on any Bathyraja species life history, but Table15 - 2 lists our best information on life history for all species in Alaska. Although little specific life history information exists for most skate species, they are generally thought to have limited reproductive capacity, and thus be vulnerable to overfishing (Sosebee, 1998).... In PAGE 7: ...FISHERY INFORMATION There is currently little directed fishing for species in this category in Alaska. Squid and other species are taken incidentally in target fisheries for groundfish, and aggregate catches of squid species ( Table15 - 3) and the other species complex (Table 15- 4) are tracked inseason by the Alaska Regional Office. Catch estimates by species group Because annual other species catches are reported in aggregate, catches by species group or individual species must be estimated using data reported by fishery observers.... In PAGE 7: ...FISHERY INFORMATION There is currently little directed fishing for species in this category in Alaska. Squid and other species are taken incidentally in target fisheries for groundfish, and aggregate catches of squid species (Table 15- 3) and the other species complex ( Table15 - 4) are tracked inseason by the Alaska Regional Office. Catch estimates by species group Because annual other species catches are reported in aggregate, catches by species group or individual species must be estimated using data reported by fishery observers.... In PAGE 7: ... The ratio of observed other species group catch to observed target species catch was multiplied by the blend-estimated target species catch within that area, gear, and target fishery. Total annual catch by species group has been relatively stable between 1997-2000, although there were some changes in 2001 ( Table15 - 5). Estimated annual species group catches are reported by target, gear, and area in Tables 15- 6 through 15- 7 for 2000-2001 in both FMP areas.... In PAGE 8: ... Catch history for BSAI Squid and Other Species Squid are generally taken incidentally in target fisheries for pollock but have been the target of Japanese and Republic of Korea trawl fisheries in the past. Reported catches since 1977 are shown in Table15 - 3. After reaching 9,000 mt in 1978, total squid catches have steadily declined to only a few hundred tons in 1987-95.... In PAGE 8: ...987-95. Thus, squid stocks have been comparatively lightly exploited in recent years. Discard rates of squid (discards/total squid catch) by the BSAI groundfish fisheries have ranged between 40% and 85% in 1992-1998 (NMFS Regional Office, Juneau, AK). Note that the 2001 estimated catch of squid, 1,810 t ( Table15 -5), was the highest in the past five years and is much closer to the ABC of 1,970 t than any estimated catch since the 1980 apos;s. Reported catches of quot;other species quot; increased during the 1960 apos;s and early 1970 apos;s and reached a peak of 133,000 mt in 1972 which was the year when total catches of all species of groundfish reached a maximum of 2.... In PAGE 8: ... In 1973-76 catches declined to a range of 33,000-70,000 mt annually as total catches of groundfish also declined. Catches of quot;other species quot; were relatively high from 1977-1981 (43,000-73,000 mt), but thereafter declined to a range of 5,000-13,000 mt in 1984-89 despite increased catches of total groundfish ( Table15 - 4). Part of the reason may be incomplete reporting of domestic catches before 1990.... In PAGE 9: ... It is clear that the AFSC bottom trawl surveys greatly underestimate squid abundance. Data from AFSC surveys provide the only abundance estimates for the various groups and species comprising the quot;other species quot; category ( Table15 - 8). Biomass estimates for the eastern Bering Sea are from a standard survey area of the continental shelf.... In PAGE 9: ... Stations as deep as 900 m were sampled in the 1980, 1983 and 1986 Aleutian Islands bottom trawl surveys, while surveys in 1991 and 1994 obtained samples only to a depth of 500 m. The actual catches made by research vessels are shown in Table15 - 9. Biomass estimates from AFSC surveys illustrate that sculpins were the major component of the other species complex until 1986, after which the biomass of skates exceeded that of sculpins.... In PAGE 9: ... However, sleeper sharks were the third highest CPUE on this pilot survey, indicating that they can be sampled by bottom trawls. Substantial biomass of sleeper sharks was estimated on the slope by the 2002 EBS slope survey ( Table15 -8). This recent information suggests that it is the location and timing of the EBS trawl survey on the shelf during the summer, and not the use of bottom trawls for sampling which results in the apparently low biomass estimates for sharks in the EBS shelf (Table 15- 8).... In PAGE 9: ... Substantial biomass of sleeper sharks was estimated on the slope by the 2002 EBS slope survey (Table 15-8). This recent information suggests that it is the location and timing of the EBS trawl survey on the shelf during the summer, and not the use of bottom trawls for sampling which results in the apparently low biomass estimates for sharks in the EBS shelf ( Table15 - 8). Changes in distribution of particular species may also account for some of the biomass fluctuation of a group.... In PAGE 9: ... For instance, a cold water sculpin species, the butterfly sculpin (Hemilepidotus papilio), has been found to intrude into the northern portion of the survey area to a greater extent in some years than others, and accounts for some of the fluctuations in biomass of the sculpin group. Catch relative to biomass based on survey estimates Estimated skate and sculpin bycatch in the BSAI groundfish fisheries has ranged between 1-4% of their respective survey biomass ( Table15 - 8) between 1990 and 1996. Harvest rates of octopus (defined as total removals divided by survey biomass) have ranged between 2-10% for each of the years from 1990-94.... In PAGE 9: ... If this is the case, current (1992-96) bycatch of grenadiers in the BSAI groundfish fisheries represents between 0.5 and 2% of the grenadier biomass in the BSAI region ( Table15 - 8). ANALYTIC APPROACH, MODEL EVALUATION, AND RESULTS Please see 1999 GOA SAFE Appendix E for a description of an experimental modeling approach and its results for GOA other species.... In PAGE 18: ... Table15 - 1. Other species and squids in the Bering Sea-Aleutian Islands, by scientific and common name; compiled from the AFSC survey database RACEBASE.... In PAGE 19: ...Table15 - 1 Continued Scientific name Common name BSAI Other Category Malacocottus zonurus darkfin sculpin Hemilepidotus sp. Irish lord Hemilepidotus gilberti banded Irish lord Hemilepidotus spinosus brown Irish lord Hemilepidotus zapus longfin Irish lord Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus red Irish lord Hemilepidotus jordani yellow Irish lord Hemilepidotus papilio butterfly sculpin Archistes plumarius Triglops sp.... In PAGE 20: ...Table15 - 1 Continued Scientific name Common name BSAI Other Category Paricelinus hopliticus thornback sculpin Cephalopoda unident. cephalopod unident.... In PAGE 21: ...Table15 - 2. Life history information available for BSAI and GOA skate species.... In PAGE 22: ...Table15 - 3. Estimated total (retained and discarded) catches of squid (mt) in the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands by groundfish fisheries, 1977-2002.... In PAGE 23: ...Table15 - 4. Estimated total (retained and discarded) catches of other species (mt) in the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands by groundfish fisheries, 1977-2002.... In PAGE 25: ...Table15 - 6. 2000 BSAI Squid and Other species and grenadier catches (t) by fishery and gear (1=bottom trawl, 2=pelagic trawl, 6=pot, 8=longline).... In PAGE 26: ...Table15 -7. 2001 BSAI Squid and Other species and grenadier catches (t) by fishery and gear (1=bottom trawl, 2=pelagic trawl, 6=pot, 8=longline).... In PAGE 27: ...Table15 - 8. Estimated biomass (t) of BSAI squid and other species from various AFSC surveys.... In PAGE 28: ...Table15 - 9. Research catches of squid and other species in the BSAI, 1977-1998 (tons).... In PAGE 29: ...Table15 - 10. Published annual natural mortality (M) estimates for other species groups group species estimate reference squid Todarodes pacificus 0.... In PAGE 30: ...Table15 - 11. Potential BSAI ABC and OFL by species group for other species .... In PAGE 31: ...Table15 -11, continued. Potential ABC and OFL for species groups within the Other species complex based on Tier 6 criteria applied to group specific catches estimated in Other species stock assessments between 1992-2001.... ..."