Abstract

One of the most salient features of the international economy over recent years has been the rise of networked production through global and regional value chains. In many parts of the world, intermediate inputs are manufactured at a location different from the place of final assembly, which means that goods cross borders frequently before finally being shipped to a remote consumer. Electronics is the sector for which global value chains are most well-known, including products such as the iPhone. But global value chains also exist in other sectors, such as textiles and clothing, and even processed agriculture. As a result, a wide range of countries at various income levels are all involved in globalized or regionalized production plat-forms. For countries still on the edge of global value chains, the key question is how to effectively integrate them to reap the