Abstract

in Sections 4.2 and 4.3. An asset of physical modeling that is often overlooked is its inherent exibility. For this reason, we conclude this chapter by listing examples of model speci cations tailored to speci c layout objectives. 4.1 The Springs Given a connected undirected graph with no particular background information, the following two criteria of readable layout seem to be generally agreed upon for the conventional two-dimensional straight-line representation. 1. Vertices should spread well on the page. 2. Adjacent vertices should be close. Only intuitive explanations can be oered. While uniform vertex distribution reduces clutter, the implied uniform edge lengths leave an undistorted impression of the graph. Since \clutter" and \distortion" already have physical connotations, it seems fairly natural to start thinking of a more speci c physical analogy. We are used to observing even spacing between repelling objects. This makes it natural to imagine vertices behaving l

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