Abstract:
We study the hardness of approximating the chromatic number when the input graph is k-colorable for some xed k 3. Our main result is that it is NP-hard to nd a 4-coloring of a 3-chromatic graph. As an immediate corollary we obtain that it is NP-hard to color a k-chromatic graph with at most k + 2bk=3c 1 colors. We also give simple proofs of two results of Lund and Yannakakis [20]. The rst result shows that it is NP-hard to approximate the chromatic number to within n for some xed > 0.
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