Abstract

Adequate representation of natural language semantics requires access to vast amounts of common sense and domain-specific world knowledge. Prior work in the field was either based on purely statistical techniques that did not make use of background knowledge or on huge manual efforts, such as the CYC projects. Here we propose a novel method, called Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA), for finegrained semantic interpretation of unrestricted natural language texts. Our method represents meaning in a high-dimensional space of concepts derived from Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia in existence. We use machine learning techniques that allow us to explicitly represent the meaning of any text in terms of Wikipedia-based concepts. We evaluate the effectiveness of our method on automatically computing the degree of semantic relatedness between fragments of natural language text. Compared with the previous state of the art, using ESA results in substantial improvements in correlation of computed relatedness scores with human judgments: from r = 0.56 to 0.75 for individual words and from r = 0.60 to 0.72 for texts. Consequently, we anticipate ESA to give rise to the next generation of natural language processing tools. Importantly, due to the use of natural concepts, the ESA model is easy to explain to human users. 1

Citations