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...e above efforts have focused on issues such as availability, replication, and secrecy when using untrusted storage from volunteer sites. Similarly, unlike structured P2P systems such as Chord and CAN =-=[15]-=-, [8] that focus on efficient search mechanisms and efficient content routing, we are less concerned about the ability to search across peers, since all content is always housed in the primary reposit...

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...e efforts have focused on issues such as availability, replication, and secrecy when using untrusted storage from volunteer sites. Similarly, unlike structured P2P systems such as Chord and CAN [15], =-=[8]-=- that focus on efficient search mechanisms and efficient content routing, we are less concerned about the ability to search across peers, since all content is always housed in the primary repository i...

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...n, since at least one study has shown that users are not likely to contribute to a P2P system without any tangible reward, BitTorrent specifically rewards users who contribute resources to the system =-=[12]-=-. To understand the benefits and limitations of using BitTorrent as a building block for our system, we conducted a four month measurement study of popular BitTorrent sites. This paper presents the re...

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...Zipf, the plot would have been linear on a loglog scale. Our previous studies have shown that requests for files are non-Zipf in P2P file sharing systems [1], and this was also seen by Gummadi et al. =-=[3]-=-. Our findings agree, showing a similar shape in a log-log plot of popularity vs. rank. C. Scaling The transfer rate scales well with the number of peers. The primary argument for using BitTorrent is ...

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...ode connectivity, overlay topology, and protocol message overhead. A trace analysis of the network traffic from the perspective of traffic characterization and bandwidth provisioning was presented in =-=[13]-=-. Saroiu, et al [12] analyzed Gnutella and Napster traffic with respect to node availability and the amount of bandwidth capacity individual peers could contribute to the system. The study found that ...

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...servations were substantially different, and we speculate about why in Section V. Recently, there have been several efforts at constructing distributed storage and file systems from untrusted storage =-=[9]-=-, [11]. The goals of our work are somewhat different from these efforts. We are interested in efficient distribution and parallel download mechanisms for very large files, while the above efforts have...

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... measurement studies in recent years on peer-to-peer networks. A measurement study of Napster and Gnutella with respect to file popularity, file-type dominance, and node availability was presented in =-=[1]-=-. More recently, traces of open-Napster were used to evaluate the performance of the Chord protocol under real-world conditions [2]. An analysis of Gnutella traces in terms of resource demand, popular...

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...sers are inclined to falsely report their connection speed. Markatos [6] conducted a study of Gnutella protocol traffic aimed at caching query/response traffic to reduce network load. Leibowitz et al =-=[5]-=- examined Kazaa traffic to determine proportion of total network trafficbyfile popularity. None of the above efforts have specifically focused on sharing and downloading of very large files, or specif...

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...al-world conditions [2]. An analysis of Gnutella traces in terms of resource demand, popularity of particular search terms, overlay topology, and node latency was presented in [7]. Ripeanu and Foster =-=[10]-=- also examined Gnutella data, focusing on node connectivity, overlay topology, and protocol message overhead. A trace analysis of the network traffic from the perspective of traffic characterization a...

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...andwidth capacity individual peers could contribute to the system. The study found that if there is no incentive to do otherwise, users are inclined to falsely report their connection speed. Markatos =-=[6]-=- conducted a study of Gnutella protocol traffic aimed at caching query/response traffic to reduce network load. Leibowitz et al [5] examined Kazaa traffic to determine proportion of total network traf...

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...tions were substantially different, and we speculate about why in Section V. Recently, there have been several efforts at constructing distributed storage and file systems from untrusted storage [9], =-=[11]-=-. The goals of our work are somewhat different from these efforts. We are interested in efficient distribution and parallel download mechanisms for very large files, while the above efforts have focus...

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... Chord protocol under real-world conditions [2]. An analysis of Gnutella traces in terms of resource demand, popularity of particular search terms, overlay topology, and node latency was presented in =-=[7]-=-. Ripeanu and Foster [10] also examined Gnutella data, focusing on node connectivity, overlay topology, and protocol message overhead. A trace analysis of the network traffic from the perspective of t...

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...ularity, file-type dominance, and node availability was presented in [1]. More recently, traces of open-Napster were used to evaluate the performance of the Chord protocol under real-world conditions =-=[2]-=-. An analysis of Gnutella traces in terms of resource demand, popularity of particular search terms, overlay topology, and node latency was presented in [7]. Ripeanu and Foster [10] also examined Gnut...

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...ave specifically focused on sharing and downloading of very large files, or specifically on BitTorrent. A recent study has specifically focused on BitTorrent, although in a somewhat different context =-=[4]-=-. The study is based on the observation of a single long-running torrent of RedHat Linux, whereas our study uses data from several thousand torrents of varying size. Though none of the torrents we obs...

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...ntentproviding host. Its popularity is growing rapidly—a recent study revealed that while BitTorrent traffic was negligible in May 2003, it accounted for over 9% of the sampled traffic byOctober 2003 =-=[14]-=-. In BitTorrent, each file is split into chunks, and peers download not only from the peer with the initial, complete copy of the file (called a seed), but also download completed, checksummed chunks ...