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...it is important to design e cient data structures and algorithms for the representation and manipulation of clock constraints. One such well-known data structure is that of Di erence Bounded Matrices =-=[4, 16, 33]-=-, Dbm, which o ers a canonical representation for constraint systems. It has been successfully employed by several real-time veri cation tools, e.g. Uppaal [8] and Kronos [15]. 4 The relation ; has be...

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...mata extended with clock and data variables to describe processes and networks of such automata to describe real{time systems. 3.1 Syntax The basis of the Uppaal model is the notion of timed automata =-=[3]-=- developed by Alur and Dill as an extension of classical nite{state automata with clockvariables. To provide a more expressive model and to ease the modeling task, we further extend timed automata wit...

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...lly proved by hand in [18], and by modelchecking for the rst time using Uppaal in [6]. Mutual Exclusion Protocol: The so-called Fischers protocol has been studied previously in many experiments, e.g. =-=[2, 32]-=-. The protocol is to ensure mutual exclusion among several processes competing for a critical section using timing constraints and a shared variable. Di erent versions of the protocol have been veri e...

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...The atomicity ofthe action sequence m1!m2! is now achieved by insisting that a committed location must be left immediately! This behavior is quite similar to what has been called \urgent transitions" =-=[19, 15, 7]-=- which insists that the next transition taken must be an action (and not a delay). The precise semantics of committed locations will be formalized in the transition rules for networks of timed automat...

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...escription. 3 The Bolts of UPPAAL | Modelling In this section, we present the basic ingredienses of the Uppaal model based on small examples. For a precise semantical treatment we refer the reader to =-=[5]-=-. We assume that a typical real-time system is a network of non{deterministic sequential processes communicating with each other over channels. In Uppaal we use nite{ Kim G. Larsen et al.: UPPAAL in a...