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Making Robots Conscious of their Mental States (1995) [56 citations — 5 self]

by John McCarthy
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Abstract:

In AI, consciousness of self consists in a program having certain kinds of facts about its own mental processes and state of mind. We discuss what consciousness of its own mental structures a robot will need in order to operate in the common sense world and accomplish the tasks humans will give it. It's quite a lot. Many features of human consciousness will be wanted, some will not, and some abilities not possessed by humans have already been found feasible and useful in limited contexts. We give preliminary fragments of a logical language a robot can use to represent information about its own state of mind. A robot will often have to conclude that it cannot decide a question on the basis of the information in memory and therefore must seek information externally. Godel's idea of relative consistency is used to formalize non-knowledge. Programs with the kind of consciousness discussed in this article do not yet exist, although programs with some components of it exist. Thinking about c...

Citations

1220 Some philosophical problems from the standpoint of artificial intelligence – McCarthy, Hayes - 1969
681 Circumscription - a form of nonmonotonic reasoning – McCarthy - 1980
411 Applications of circumscription to formalizing commonsense reasoning – McCarthy
403 Computing machinery and intelligence – TURING - 1950
283 Notes on Formalizing Context – McCarthy - 1993
280 Computing Circumscription – Lifschitz - 1985
266 Programs with common sense – McCarthy - 1959
132 Physical Symbol Systems – Newell - 1980
123 Nonmonotonic Reasoning: Logical Foundations of Commonsense – Brewka - 1991
106 Why robots will have emotions – Sloman - 1981
83 Ascribing mental qualities to machines – McCarthy - 1979
75 Shadows of the Mind: A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness – Penrose - 1994
62 First Order Theories of Individual Concepts and Propositions – McCarthy - 1979
60 Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by John McCarthy – McCarthy - 1990
59 The Consistency of the Axiom of Choice and the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis with the Axioms of Set Theory – Gödel - 1940
45 The Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for the Soul – Crick - 1994
30 Brainstorms: Philosophical Essays on Mind and Psychology – Dennett - 1978
23 What enables a machine to understand – Sloman - 1985
15 Situation calculus with concurrent events and narrative. Preliminary manuscript. (Available only at http://wwwformal. stanford.edu/jmc/narrative.dvi – McCarthy - 1995
3 Reasoning about ignorance: A note on the bush-gorbachev problem – Kraus, Perlis, et al. - 1991
1 Review of "shadows of the mind" by roger penrose. Psyche – McCarthy - 1995