this article is to argue the merits of `population thinking' in gaining insight into linguistic and, in particular, syntactic change. Population-level thinking and modelling can shed new light on many issues in the study of language acquisition and language change, and leads directly to a more precise characterisation of (E-)language than that provided by recent generative linguistics. Nevertheless, this way of thinking is fully compatible with the major insights of the latter, and integrates them into a framework in which language variation and change are inherent and inevitable, rather than peripheral and/or accidental, properties of language. I will argue that (E-)languages are best modelled as particular kinds of dynamical systems;
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