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Twentieth-century trends in runoff, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture in the Western United States (2007)
| Venue: | J. Climate |
| Citations: | 15 - 1 self |
BibTeX
@ARTICLE{Hamlet07twentieth-centurytrends,
author = {Alan F. Hamlet and Philip W. Mote and Martyn P. Clark and Dennis P. Lettenmaier},
title = {Twentieth-century trends in runoff, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture in the Western United States},
journal = {J. Climate},
year = {2007},
pages = {1468--1486}
}
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Abstract
A physically based hydrology model is used to produce time series for the period 1916–2003 of evapo-transpiration (ET), runoff, and soil moisture (SM) over the western United States from which long-term trends are evaluated. The results show that trends in ET in spring and summer are determined primarily by trends in precipitation and snowmelt that determine water availability. From April to June, ET trends are mostly positive due primarily to earlier snowmelt and earlier emergence of snow-free ground, and second-arily to increasing trends in spring precipitation. From July to September trends in ET are more strongly influenced by precipitation trends, with the exception of areas (most notably California) that receive little summer precipitation and have experienced large changes in snowmelt timing. Trends in the seasonal timing of ET are modest, but during the period 1947–2003 when temperature trends are large, they reflect a shift of ET from midsummer to early summer and late spring. As in other studies, it is found that runoff is occurring earlier in spring, a trend that is related primarily to increasing temperature, and is most apparent during 1947–2003. Trends in the annual runoff ratio, a variable critical to western water management, are determined primarily by trends in cool season precipitation, rather than changes in the timing of runoff or ET. It was found that the signature of temperature-related trends in runoff and SM is strongly keyed to
Keyphrases
western united state soil moisture twentieth-century trend precipitation trend snowmelt timing hydrology model long-term trend september trend western water management spring precipitation late spring water availability temperature trend little summer precipitation et trend temperature-related trend annual runoff ratio large change early summer time series snow-free ground seasonal timing cool season precipitation
