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Improved Boosting Algorithms Using Confidence-rated Predictions (1999) [400 citations — 19 self]

by Robert E. Schapire ,  Yoram Singer
Machine Learning
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Abstract:

. We describe several improvements to Freund and Schapire's AdaBoost boosting algorithm, particularly in a setting in which hypotheses may assign confidences to each of their predictions. We give a simplified analysis of AdaBoost in this setting, and we show how this analysis can be used to find improved parameter settings as well as a refined criterion for training weak hypotheses. We give a specific method for assigning confidences to the predictions of decision trees, a method closely related to one used by Quinlan. This method also suggests a technique for growing decision trees which turns out to be identical to one proposed by Kearns and Mansour. We focus next on how to apply the new boosting algorithms to multiclass classification problems, particularly to the multi-label case in which each example may belong to more than one class. We give two boosting methods for this problem, plus a third method based on output coding. One of these leads to a new method for handling the singl...

Citations

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1045 Experiments with a new boosting algorithm – Freund, Schapire - 1996
596 R.: Additive logistic regression: a statistical view of boosting – Friedman, Hastie, et al. - 1998
500 Boosting the margin: A new explanation for the effectiveness of voting methods – Schapire, Freund, et al. - 1998
341 Solving multiclass learning problems via error-correcting output codes – Dietterich, Bakiri - 1995
302 Decision theoretic generalizations of the PAC model for neural net and other learning applications – Haussler - 1992
281 What size net gives valid generalization – Baum, Haussler - 1989
225 An efficient boosting algorithm for combining preferences – Freund, Iyer, et al. - 1998
222 Bagging, boosting, and C4.5 – Quinlan - 1996
196 arcing classifiers – Breiman, Bias - 1996
130 The sample complexity of pattern classification with neural networks: the size of the weights is more important than the size of the network – Bartlett - 1998
105 Empirical support for winnow and weighted-majority based algorithms: results on a calendar scheduling domain – Blum - 1997
105 Practical Methods of Optimization, Second Edition – Fletcher - 1987
78 Boosting decision trees – Drucker, Cortes - 1996
74 Pruning adaptive boosting – Margineantu, Dietterich - 1997
72 An empirical evaluation of bagging and boosting – Maclin, Opitz - 1997
66 Using output codes to boost multiclass learning problems – Schapire - 1997
64 On the boosting ability of top-down decision tree learning algorithms – Kearns, Mansour - 1996
55 Using and combining predictors that specialize – Freund, Schapire, et al. - 1997
31 A generalization of Sauer’s lemma – Haussler, Long - 1995
4 Information geometry and alternaning minimization procedures – Csiszar, Tusnady - 1984