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Pad - An Alternative Approach to the Computer Interface (1993) [178 citations — 2 self]

Abstract:

We believe that navigation in information spaces is best supported by tapping into our natural spatial and geographic ways of thinking. To this end, we are developing a new computer interface model called Pad. The ongoing Pad project uses a spatial metaphor for computer interface design. It provides an intuitive base for the support of such applications as electronic marketplaces, information services, and on-line collaboration. Pad is an infinite two-dimensional information plane that is shared among users, much as a network file system is shared. Objects are organized geographically; every object occupies a well defined region on the Pad surface. For navigation, Pad uses "portals" - magnifying glasses that can peer into and roam over different parts of this single infinite shared desktop; links to specific items are established and broken continually as the portal's view changes. Portals can recursively look onto other portals. This paradigm enables the sort of peripheral activity generally found in real phy...

Citations

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134 The Computer of the 21st – Weiser - 1991
88 Worlds within worlds: Metaphors for exploring n-dimensional virtual worlds – Feiner, Beshers - 1990
87 Noncommand User Interfaces – Nielsen - 1993
62 Literary Machines – Nelson - 1987
53 VideoDraw: A Video Interface for Collaborative Drawing – Tang, Minneman - 1991
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2 The Rendezvous Language and – al - 1993
2 Managing a trois: A study of a multi-user drawing tool in distributed design work – Bly - 1991
1 Media Spaces: Bringing People Together in a Video – al - 1993
1 Idea management in a shared drawing tool – al - 1991
1 Rapid Controlled Movement Through a Virtual 3D Workspace – al - 1990