ProfileMe: Hardware Support for Instruction-Level Profiling on Out-of-Order Processors (1997) [103 citations — 3 self]
http://www.research.digital.com/SRC/dcpi/papers/mi
http://www.waldspurger.org/carl/papers/profileme-m
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author = {Jeffrey Dean and James E. Hicks and Carl A. Waldspurger and William E. Weihl and George Chrysos},
title = {ProfileMe: Hardware Support for Instruction-Level Profiling on Out-of-Order Processors},
booktitle = {},
year = {1997},
pages = {292--302}
}
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Abstract:
Profile data is valuable for identifying performance bottlenecks and guiding optimizations. Periodic sampling of a processor's performance monitoring hardware is an effective, unobtrusive way to obtain detailed profiles. Unfortunately, existing hardware simply counts events, such as cache misses and branch mispredictions, and cannot accurately attribute these events to instructions, especially on out-of-order machines. We propose an alternative approach, called ProfileMe, that samples instructions. As a sampled instruction moves through the processor pipeline, a detailed record of all interesting events and pipeline stage latencies is collected. ProfileMe also support paired sampling, which captures information about the interactions between concurrent instructions, revealing information about useful concurrency and the utilization of various pipeline stages while an instruction is in flight. We describe an inexpensive hardware implementation of ProfileMe, outline a variety of software...
