A complete understanding of communication, language, intentionality and related mental phenomena will require a theory integrating mechanistic explanations with ethological phenomena. For the foreseeable future, the complexities of natural life in its natural environment will preclude such an understanding. An approach more conducive to carefully controlled experiments and to the discovery of deep laws of great generality is to study synthetic life forms in a synthetic world to which they have become coupled through evolution. This is the approach of synthetic ethology. Some simple experiments in synthetic ethology are described, in which we have observed the evolution of communication in a population of simple machines. We show that even in these simple worlds communication manifests some of the richness and complexity found in natural communication. Finally some future directions for research in synthetic ethology are discussed, as well as some issues relevant to both synthetic ethol...
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