Abstract

models provided the best account of data generated in tasks that require human observers to judge the relationship between binary events. In the intervening years, new data have been reported that provide evidence for higherorder processes. Some have argued that these new data pose a serious threat to the viability of the associative account. The purpose of the present paper is to review this evidence and to assess the severity of this threat. In 1978, Brooks described the interaction between analytic and nonanalytic processes, and argued that “there are many factors that push a person’s strategy toward one end of the scale or another – that is, toward learning individuals by codings that are designed to retain the item’s individuality, or toward tracking the validity of characteristics of the stimulus

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