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@MISC{Cartwright98compatiblegenericity,
    author = {Robert Cartwright and Guy L. Steele Jr. and Sun Microsystems Laboratories},
    title = {Compatible Genericity with Run-time Types for the Java Programming Language},
    year = {1998}
}

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Abstract:

The most serious impediment to writing substantial programs in the Java TM programming language is the lack of a genericity mechanism for abstracting classes and methods with respect to type. During the past two years, several research groups have developed Java extensions that support various forms of genericity, but none has succeeded in accommodating general type parameterization (akin to Java arrays) while retaining compatibility with the existing Java Virtual Machine. In this paper, we explain how to support general type parameterization---including both non-variant and covariant subtyping---on top of the existing Java Virtual Machine at the cost of a larger code footprint and the forwarding of some method calls involving parameterized classes and methods. Our language extension is forward and backward compatible with the Java 1.2 language and run-time environment: programs in the extended language will run on existing Java 1.2 virtual machines (relying only on the unparameteri...

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