Introduction to RF Simulation and Its Application (1999)
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@MISC{Kundert99introductionto,
author = {Kenneth S. Kundert},
title = {Introduction to RF Simulation and Its Application},
year = {1999}
}
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Abstract
Radio-frequency (RF) circuits exhibit several distinguishing characteristics that make them difficult to simulate using traditional SPICE transient analysis. The various extensions to the harmonic balance and shooting method simulation algorithms are able to exploit these characteristics to provide rapid and accurate simulation for these circuits. This paper is an introduction to RF simulation methods and how they are applied to make common RF measurements. It describes the unique characteristics of RF circuits, the methods developed to simulate these circuits, and the application of these methods. Index Terms--- Circuit simulation, cyclostationary noise, envelope methods, harmonic balance, interchannel interference, intermodulation distortion, jitter, mixer noise, mixers, nonlinear oscillators, phase noise, quasi-periodic methods, shooting methods, SPICE. I. THE RF INTERFACE W IRELESS transmitters and receivers can be conceptually separated into baseband and radio-frequency (RF) sections. Baseband is the range of frequencies over which transmitters take their input and receivers produce their output. The width of the baseband determines the underlying rate at which data can flow through the system. There is a considerable amount of signal processing that occurs at baseband designed to improve the fidelity of the data stream being communicated and to reduce the load the transmitter places on the transmission medium for a particular data rate. The RF section of the transmitter is responsible for converting the processed baseband signal up to the assigned channel and injecting the signal into the medium. Conversely, the RF section of the receiver is responsible for taking the signal from the medium and converting it back down to baseband. With transmitters there are...
