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Using profile information to assist classic code optimizations (1991) [110 citations — 12 self]

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@ARTICLE{Chang91usingprofile,
    author = {Pohua P. Chang and Scott A. Mahlke and Wen-mei W. Hwu},
    title = {Using profile information to assist classic code optimizations},
    journal = {SOFTWARE-PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE},
    year = {1991},
    volume = {21},
    pages = {1301--1321}
}

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Abstract:

This paper describes the design and implementation of an optimizing compiler that automatically generates profile information to assist classic code optimizations. This compiler contains two new components, an execution profiler and a profile-based code optimizer, which are not commonly found in traditional optimizing compilers. The execution profiler inserts probes into the input program, executes the input program for several inputs, accumulates profile information, and supplies this information to the optimizer. The profile-based code optimizer uses the profile information to expose new optimization opportunities that are not visible to traditional global optimization methods. Experimental results show that the profile-based code optimizer significantly improves the performance of production C programs that have already been optimized by a high-quality global code optimizer.

Citations

597	Trace scheduling : A technique for global microcode compaction – Fisher - 1981
271	Bulldog: A Compiler for VLIW Architectures – Ellis - 1985
240	Profile guided code positioning – Pettis, Hansen - 1990
238	gprof: a call graph execution profiler – Graham, Kessler, et al. - 1982
223	Partitioning and scheduling parallel programs for multi-processors – Sarkar - 1989
176	Global Register Allocation at Link Time – Wall - 1986
147	Achieving High Instruction Cache Performance with an Optimizing Compiler – Hwu, Chang - 1989
92	A catalogue of optimizing transformations – Allen, Cocke - 1972
84	Determining Average Program Execution Times and Their Variance – Sarkar - 1989
66	Trace selection for compiling large C application programs to microcode – Chang, Hwu - 1988
58	An Execution Profiler for Modular Programs – Graham, Kessler, et al. - 1983
53	Comparing software and hardware schemes for reducing the cost of branches – Hwu, Conte, et al. - 1989
34	Register Windows vs. Register Allocation – Wall - 1988
32	Inline Function Expansion for Compiling Realistic C Programs – Hwu, Chang - 1989
25	Pro le guided code positioning – Pettis, Hansen - 1990
25	Using pro le information to assist classic code optimizations – Chang, Mahlke, et al. - 1991
12	An execution pro ler for modular programs – Graham, Kessler, et al. - 1983
6	Control Flow Optimization for Supercomputer Scalar Processing – Chang, Hwu - 1989
5	gprof: A Call Graph Execution Pro ler – Graham, Kessler, et al. - 1982
3	Reducing the Cost of Branches", The – McFarling, Hennessy - 1986
1	Editor), Design and Optimization of Compilers – Rustin - 1972