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Differential RAID: Rethinking RAID for SSD Reliability
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| Citations: | 27 - 0 self |
BibTeX
@MISC{Balakrishnan_differentialraid:,
author = {Mahesh Balakrishnan and Asim Kadav and Vijayan Prabhakaran and Dahlia Malkhi},
title = {Differential RAID: Rethinking RAID for SSD Reliability},
year = {}
}
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Abstract
SSDs exhibit very different failure characteristics compared to hard drives. In particular, the Bit Error Rate (BER) of an SSD climbs as it receives more writes. As a result, RAID arrays composed from SSDs are subject to correlated failures. By balancing writes evenly across the array, RAID schemes can wear out devices at similar times. When a device in the array fails towards the end of its lifetime, the high BER of the remaining devices can result in data loss. We propose Diff-RAID, a parity-based redundancy solution that creates an age differential in an array of SSDs. Diff-RAID distributes parity blocks unevenly across the array, leveraging their higher update rate to age devices at different rates. To maintain this age differential when old devices are replaced by new ones, Diff-RAID reshuffles the parity distribution on each drive replacement. We evaluate Diff-RAID’s reliability by using real BER data from 12 flash chips on a simulator and show that it is more reliable than RAID-5, in some cases by multiple orders of magnitude. We also evaluate Diff-RAID’s performance using a software implementation on a 5-device array of 80 GB Intel X25-M SSDs and show that it offers a trade-off between throughput and reliability.
Keyphrases
differential raid ssd reliability rethinking raid age differential new one flash chip bit error rate parity-based redundancy solution software implementation 5-device array age device similar time data loss correlated failure parity block different rate gb intel x25-m ssds old device ssds exhibit diff-raid reliability update rate real ber data multiple order diff-raid performance different failure characteristic drive replacement ssd climb high ber parity distribution hard drive
