Abstract

underlying programming language. However, it is significantly easier to use, and provides many of the ad- Many modern user interface development environments vantages for graphics programming that financial spread- use constraints to connect graphical objects. Constraints sheets provide for business. are relationships that are declared once and then maintained by the system. Often, systems provide graphical, iconic, or C32 is different from previous spreadsheet systems for user demonstrational techniques for specifying some coninterface construction because it uses a wide array of visual straints, but these are incapable of expressing all desired and inferencing techniques so the user does not have to relationships, and it is always necessary to allow the user write the entire constraint by hand. In particular: interface designer to write code to specify complex constraints. The spreadsheet interface described here, called . C32 automatically generates appropriate references to C32, provides the programmer with the full power of writ- graphical objects when the user clicks on the object in a ing constraint code in the underlying programming lan- user interface window.

Citations

1	Forms: Expanding the Visualnes of based Interactive Graphics: from Prototype to Tool. Sheet Languages - Ambler - 1987