Strengthening the Global Trade Architecture for Development

Strengthening the Global Trade Architecture for Development (2002)

Cached

Download Links

by Bernard Hoekman , Ataman Aksoy , Jagdish Bhagwati , Richard Blackhurst , John Cuddy , Uri Dadush , Mike Finger , Constantine Michalopoulos , Marcelo Olarreaga , Susan Prowse , Richard Newfarmer , T. N. Srinivasan , Edith Wilson , John S. Wilson , Alan Winters For Helpful

Citations:

15 - 2 self

BibTeX

@MISC{Hoekman02strengtheningthe,
    author = {Bernard Hoekman and Ataman Aksoy and Jagdish Bhagwati and Richard Blackhurst and John Cuddy and Uri Dadush and Mike Finger and Constantine Michalopoulos and Marcelo Olarreaga and Susan Prowse and Richard Newfarmer and T. N. Srinivasan and Edith Wilson and John S. Wilson and Alan Winters For Helpful},
    title = {Strengthening the Global Trade Architecture for Development},
    year = {2002}
}

Bookmark

OpenURL

Abstract

Despite recurring rounds of trade liberalization under GATT/WTO auspices, complemented by unilateral reforms, many developing countries have not been able to integrate into the world economy. This paper argues that from the perspective of the poorest countries, a multi-pronged strategy is required to strengthen the global trading system and that much of the agenda must be addressed outside the WTO. The most important contribution the WTO can make from a development perspective is to improve market access conditions---for goods and services---and ensure that trade rules are useful to developing countries. Enhancing trade capacity requires concerted action outside the WTO (`aid for trade') as well as unilateral actions by both industrialized and developing countries to reduce anti- trade biases. Keywords: WTO, economic development, multilateral trade negotiations, market access, technical assistance, capacity building JEL codes: F13, F14 * Correspondence: Bhoekman@worldbank.org. The views expressed in this paper are personal and should not be attributed to the World Bank, its affiliated organizations, or the members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. I am grateful to two referees, Ataman Aksoy, Jagdish Bhagwati, Richard Blackhurst, John Cuddy, Uri Dadush, Mike Finger, Carsten Fink, Will Martin, Keith Maskus, Aaditya Mattoo, Anne McGuirk, Patrick Messerlin, Constantine Michalopoulos, Marcelo Olarreaga, Susan Prowse, Richard Newfarmer, Sarath Rajapatirana , T.N. Srinivasan, Edith Wilson, John S. Wilson and Alan Winters for helpful comments, suggestions and discussions. The arguments in this paper draw in part on the results of a collaborative trade research and capacity-building project that has been supported financially by the UK Departme...

Citations

92	Implementation of Uruguay Round Commitments: The Development Challenge - Finger, Schuler
42	Protectionism - Bhagwati - 1988 (Show Context) Citation Context ...imp, as well as new EU standards for aflatoxin that could reduce exportsrevenue for African countries by more than $600 million (Otsuki, Wilson and Sewadeh,s22 Historically, this ‘Dracula principle’ (=-=Bhagwati 1988-=-) has been an important factor in inducing WTOsmembers to abide by the rules of the game.s23 2001). Developing countries face a series of challenges: they need to reform and upgradesstandards setting ...
41	Developing Countries and the Multilateral Trading System - Srinivasan - 1998
40	Should Core Labor Standards Be Imposed through International Trade Policy?”, Policy Research Working Paper 1817 (www.worldbank.org/trade - Maskus - 1997 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ry education for poorschildren in order to reduce child labor exploitation, e.g., via programs to subsidize thespurchase of school supplies, provide transportation, and reduce the costs of schoolings(=-=Maskus, 1997-=-). In the case of environmental policies—which clearly can give rise tosserious global commons issues—the appropriate approach is again cooperation outsidesthe WTO.14 As far as the WTO is concerned, t...
39	Trade and the Environment: Does Environmental Diversity Detract From the Case for Free Trade - Bhagwati, Srinivasan - 1996
35	The Cost of Rich (and Poor) Country Protection to Developing Countries - Anderson, Dimaranan, et al. - 2001
31	Trade Policy Reform and Institutional Reform - Rodrik - 2002
30	Liberalizing Agriculture and Manufactures in a Millennium Round: Implications for Developing Countries,” The World Economy - Hertel, Martin - 2000
27	Growth Is Good for the Poor,’ World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No - Dollar, Kraay - 2001 (Show Context) Citation Context ...However, here again the greatest gains to developing countries would come froms7 There is a preponderance of evidence that there is a positive relationship between openness to trade andsgrowth (e.g., =-=Dollar and Kraay, 2001-=-; World Bank, 2001b, Srinivasan and Bhagwati, 1999). Sceptics suchsas Rodrik (2001) argue that the strong association between trade (openness) and growth is not informativesregarding the underlying po...
19	Trade Liberalization and Poverty: A Handbook - McCulloch, Winters, et al. - 2001
17	The Greening of World Trade Issues - Anderson, Blackhurst - 1993
17	The Wind of the Hundred Days: How Washington Mismanaged Globalization - Bhagwati
14	2001. "Unrestricted Market Access For Sub-Saharan Africa: How much is it worth and who pays?," Policy Research Working Paper 2595, World Bank (www.worldbank.org/trade - Ianchovichina, Olarreaga
13	Putting “Humpty” Together Again: Including Developing Countries in a Consensus for the WTO - Wang, Winters - 2000
10	Implementing the Uruguay Round Agreements: Problems for Developing Countries,” Global Trade Policy (special issue of The World - Finger
10	Developing Countries and a New Round of WTO Negotiations,” World Bank Research Observer, forthcoming - Hertel, Martin - 2001
7	Reforming WTO Decision Making: Lessons from Singapore and Seattle - Blackhurst
7	Liberalizing Trade - Mattoo - 2001 (Show Context) Citation Context ...egulatory reform. A careful evaluation of services tradespolicy requires analysis of the conditions of competition in a particular sector and thesneed for regulation to achieve efficiency and equity (=-=Mattoo, 2001-=-). As discussed below,s‘trade for aid’ is needed to assist in the design of reforms.sMarket access has two additional important dimensions: reducing uncertainty bysdisciplining the use of contingent p...
7	Arguments for and Against Uniform Tariffs - Tarr
7	Trade Policy as Development Policy,” presented at the UNCTAD X High- level Round Table on Trade and Development (www.unctad.org - Winters - 1999
6	2000. “Options for Improving Africa’s Participation - Blackhurst, Lyakurwa, et al.
6	Globalization: Can the Global Economy be Civilized?,” 10th Prebisch lecture, UNCTAD, mimeo (www.unctad.org - “Markets
6	Trade Facilitation: Improving the Invisible Infrastructure - Staples
5	Quantifying Barriers to Trade in Services - Stern
5	Bridging the Standards Divide: Recommendations for Reform from a Development Perspective,” World Bank, mimeo (www.worldbank.org/trade - Wilson
4	The Strengthening of IPRs in Developing Countries and Complimentary Legislation,” mimeo (www.dfid.gov.uk - Correa
4	Maximizing the Benefits of the TPRM for Developing Countries - Francois
4	Subsidiarity and Governance Challenges for the WTO - Rollo, Winters - 2000
4	2002. “Developing Country Participation versus Influence - Tussie, Lengyel
3	Cultural Industries and Intellectual Property Rights - Penna, Visser - 2002
3	2000. “Review of the Integrated Framework for Technical Assistance for Trade Development of Least Developed Countries,” World Bank - Rajapatirana, Lusthaus, et al.
3	Harnessing Trade for Development - Winters - 2001 (Show Context) Citation Context ...expertise available in most countries. A case can be made that funding should be madesavailable to allow low-income countries to hire experts to assist governments tosundertake the required analyses (=-=Winters, 2001-=-). Such advice and expertise needs to besavailable on a long-term basis to policymakers on a country-by-country basis. Given thatsthere are dozens of countries requiring assistance (the LDC group alon...
2	After Seattle: Free Trade - Bhagwati
2	2001. "Unrestricted Market Access For Sub-Saharan Africa: How much is it worth and who pays?," Policy Research Working Paper 2595, World Bank (www.worldbank.org/trade - Ianchovichina, Olarreaga
2	Simulating the Impact of Alternative Trade Reform Scenarios for Egypt and Tunisia,” report prepared for the Council on Foreign Relations, mimeo - Konan
2	A Race to the Top? Food Safety Standards and African Exports,” Policy Research Paper 2563 - Otsuki, Wilson, et al. - 2001
2	Outward Orientation: Are the Revisionists - Srinivasan, Bhagwati - 1999 (Show Context) Citation Context ...eveloping countries would come froms7 There is a preponderance of evidence that there is a positive relationship between openness to trade andsgrowth (e.g., Dollar and Kraay, 2001; World Bank, 2001b, =-=Srinivasan and Bhagwati, 1999-=-). Sceptics suchsas Rodrik (2001) argue that the strong association between trade (openness) and growth is not informativesregarding the underlying policies and institutions that are required to suppo...
2	Implementing the TRIPs Agreement - Watal
2	Trade Policy,” Poverty Reduction Strategy sourcebook (www.worldbank.org/poverty/strategies/chapters - 2001a (Show Context) Citation Context ... increased importance of developing countries in the trading system,sachieving a pro-development outcome remains a major challenge. In part this is due tos1 See, for example, Bhagwati (2000b), Rodrik =-=(2001)-=-, Wang and Winters (2000), Hertel, Hoekman andsMartin (2001), and the April 2000 issue of The World Economy . The Harvard Global Trade Negotiationss2 the absence of strong support by OECD manufacturin...