Abstract:
We give a new proof showing that it is NP-hard to color a 3-colorable graph using just four colors. This result is already known [19], but our proof is novel as it does not rely on the PCP theorem, while the one in [19] does. This highlights a qualitative difference between the known hardness result for coloring 3-colorable graphs and the factor n hardness for approximating the chromatic number of general graphs, as the latter result is known to imply (some form of) PCP theorem [3].
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