Abstract

Abstract — This paper reviews the different methods that have been employed recently to study consciousness. At least two of those methods, the neuropsychological approach and the cognitive approach, have converged on a set of characteristics that separate conscious processes from unconscious ones. These characteristics: durable, explicit representations; novel combinations of operations; and intentional behaviors intersect with the necessary requirements for the development of expertise using deliberate practice. This intersection is described in detail and its potential implications for cross-species comparisons, understanding the evolution of human consciousness, and consciousness in machines is discussed. Copyright c ○ 2003-2005 Yang’s Scientific

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