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From Few to many: Illumination cone models for face recognition under variable lighting and pose (2001)
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| Venue: | IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence |
| Citations: | 754 - 12 self |
BibTeX
@ARTICLE{Georghiades01fromfew,
author = {Athinodoros S. Georghiades and Peter N. Belhumeur and David J. Kriegman},
title = {From Few to many: Illumination cone models for face recognition under variable lighting and pose},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence},
year = {2001},
volume = {23},
pages = {643--660}
}
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Abstract
We present a generative appearance-based method for recognizing human faces under variation in lighting and viewpoint. Our method exploits the fact that the set of images of an object in fixed pose, but under all possible illumination conditions, is a convex cone in the space of images. Using a small number of training images of each face taken with different lighting directions, the shape and albedo of the face can be reconstructed. In turn, this reconstruction serves as a generative model that can be used to render—or synthesize—images of the face under novel poses and illumination conditions. The pose space is then sampled, and for each pose the corresponding illumination cone is approximated by a low-dimensional linear subspace whose basis vectors are estimated using the generative model. Our recognition algorithm assigns to a test image the identity of the closest approximated illumination cone (based on Euclidean distance within the image space). We test our face recognition method on 4050 images from the Yale Face Database B; these images contain 405 viewing conditions (9 poses ¢ 45 illumination conditions) for 10 individuals. The method performs almost without error, except on the most extreme lighting directions, and significantly outperforms popular recognition methods that do not use a generative model.
Keyphrases
generative model illumination cone model variable lighting face recognition illumination condition corresponding illumination cone convex cone generative appearance-based method extreme lighting direction recognition algorithm small number possible illumination condition outperforms popular recognition method fixed pose test image yale face database basis vector approximated illumination cone euclidean distance low-dimensional linear subspace novel pose pose space face recognition method image space
