Animated conversation: Rule-based generation of facial expression, gesture and spoken intonation for multiple conversational agents (1994)
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@INPROCEEDINGS{Cassell94animatedconversation:,
author = {Justine Cassell and Catherine Pelachaud and Norman Badler and Mark Steedman and Brett Achorn and Brett Douville and Scott Prevost and Matthew Stone},
title = {Animated conversation: Rule-based generation of facial expression, gesture and spoken intonation for multiple conversational agents},
booktitle = {},
year = {1994},
pages = {413--420}
}
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Abstract
We describe an implemented system which automatically generates and animates conversations between multiple human-like agents with appropriate and synchronized speech, intonation, facial expressions, and hand gestures. Conversations are created by a dialogue planner that produces the text as well as the intonation of the utterances. The speaker/listener relationship, the text, and the intonation in turn drive facial expressions, lip motions, eye gaze, head motion, and arm gesture generators. Coordinated arm, wrist, and hand motions are invoked to create semantically meaningful gestures. Throughout, we will use examples from an actual synthesized, fully animated conversation. 1
