Abstract

Developing advanced structuring techniques has always been of great importance for computer science and practice. Many structuring approaches are used to help capture certain characteristics of applications: group communications, replication features, file services, etc. Procedures were among the first general techniques intended for structuring application software. They reflect both the static and dynamic structures of sequential systems (a stack of procedure contexts of nested calls represents the state of program execution). The situation is much more complex in concurrent systems, in which the states of several concurrent components should be taken into consideration while describing the system behaviour. The purpose of this survey is to outline recent trends in developing structuring approaches for competitive and cooperative concurrent systems and to discuss different directions of research in this area and their interrelations.

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