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Generalization of Lambert's Reflectance Model (1994) [45 citations — 2 self]

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@INPROCEEDINGS{Oren94generalizationof,
    author = {Michael Oren and Shree K. Nayar},
    title = {Generalization of Lambert's Reflectance Model},
    booktitle = {In SIGGRAPH 94},
    year = {1994},
    pages = {239--246},
    publisher = {ACM Press}
}

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Abstract:

Lambert's model for body reflection is widely used in computer graphics. It is used extensively by rendering techniques such as radiosity and ray tracing. For several realworld objects, however, Lambert's model can prove to be a very inaccurate approximation to the body reflectance. While the brightness of a Lambertian surface is independent of viewing direction, that of a rough surface increases as the viewing direction approaches the light source direction. In this paper, a comprehensive model is developed that predicts body reflectance from rough surfaces. The surface is modeled as a collection of Lambertian facets. It is shown that such a surface is inherently non-Lambertian due to the foreshortening of the surface facets. Further, the model accounts for complex geometric and radiometric phenomena such as masking, shadowing, and interreflections between facets. Several experiments have been conducted on samples of rough diffuse surfaces, such as, plaster, sand, clay, and cloth. All...

Citations

241	The Hemi-Cube: A Radiosity Solution for Complex Environments – Cohen, Greenberg - 1985
233	A Reflectance Model for Computer Graphics – Cook, Torrance - 1982
161	Models of light reflection for computer synthesized pictures – Blinn - 1977
160	Radiative Transfer – Chandrasekhar - 1950
119	W.: Reflection from layered surfaces due to subsurface scattering – HANRAHAN, KRUEGER - 1993
99	The Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves from Rough Surfaces – Beckmann, Spizzichino - 1963
96	Bidirectional reflection functions from surface bump maps – Cabral, Max, et al.
87	Illumination and Color in Computer Generated Imagery – Hall - 1989
22	Mutual illumination – Forsyth, Zisserman - 1989
6	The opposition effect of the moon: The contribution of coherent backscatter – Hapke, Nelson, et al. - 1993
5	Reradiation and thermal emission from illuminated craters on the lunar surface – Buhl, Welch, et al. - 1968